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Thursday, October 2, 2014

Chinese - Simplified: 有内疚和羞耻之间的差异

其中涉及到关于自己的感情;另外取决于同情他人。

虽然很多人用这两个词可以互换,从心理学的角度来看,他们实际上是指不同的体验。内疚和羞耻,有时齐头并进;同样的动作可能会引起双方羞耻和内疚,其中前者反映了我们如何看待自己,而后者则涉及到认识到自己的行为已经伤害了别人的感情。换句话说,羞涉及到自我,内疚给他人。我想保持这种区别,尽管字典的定义往往模糊了它是有用的:

内疚:责任或反省一些违法,犯罪,错误等的感觉,无论是真实的还是想象的。

殇:从什么不光彩,不正当的,可笑的,等意识,通过自己或别人的做所带来的痛苦的感觉。

根据Dictionary.com,[http://www.dictionary.com/]然后,内疚涉及有做错事的认识;从我们的行为出现(即使它可能是一个发生在幻想)。耻辱可能导致内疚的意识,但显然是不一样的事情内疚。这是关于我们如何显示给其他人(和自己),并不一定取决于我们有做过什么痛苦的感觉。我觉得这有点混乱,但一个例子可能会有帮助。我曾经说过一句话伤害了朋友,并在一定程度上,我想要它是有害的。后来,我感到内疚,因为我能看到,我伤害了我的朋友。更多的痛苦,我也觉得惭愧,我是何许人谁也表现的方式。内疚的出现是对别人造成痛苦的结果;我感到羞耻就我自己。
正如我之前所说的,在日常用语的人往往用这句话或多或少互换;的区别我想澄清的是重要和有益的。很多人有羞耻残废很少有能力感到内疚,例如。为了感觉到内疚,你也许已经给别人造成的伤害,你必须承认他或她作为一个独特的个体,开始。因此,一个人谁与分立,合并问题的斗争可能不会感到真正的罪恶感,即使他或她都用这个词来形容的感觉。很多人谁显示自恋的行为经常遭受耻辱的深厚感情,但很少有真正的关心别人;他们不容易感到真正有罪。同情的缺乏自恋型人格障碍被发现,使真正有罪不可能的,因为内疚取决于直觉怎么别人可能会觉得能力。

当耻尤为普遍(我称之为核心或基础耻辱),它通常排除了真正的关心和发展的内疚感;被破坏的感觉是如此的强大和痛苦的,这会排挤的感觉为别人。在这种情况下,往往理想化进场:其他人则认为是完美的,幸运儿谁拥有理想的耻辱,自由的生活,我们渴望;强大的嫉妒可能是(无意识的)结果。在这种情况下,我们可能会高兴地伤害我们羡慕,而不是感到内疚的人。

在别人的话,核心的耻辱反映,阻碍生长初期的心理伤害;感到内疚的能力取决于该心理发展和可以被看作是情感进展。如果早期的环境是“足够好”,我们发展自我的一个可靠的感觉,又使我们可以查看其他人作为独立的,感觉对他们的关心。虽然内疚的经历是痛苦的,我们要认识到自己的行为可能会伤害别人,能够站在别人的立场的痛苦和感到悔恨已经造成它是情感健康的迹象。 -Birdy

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