Lub keeb kwm ntawm cov tshuaj yog lawm ua tus sau nrog dab neeg ntawm coj txawv txawv tonics, outlandish tshuaj, thiab mas "cures." Muaj koj puas tau suav hais tias yog qhov tseeb hais tias koj twb mob vim hais tias muaj yog ib yam nkaus thiab ntau cov ntshav nyob rau hauv koj lub cev? Yuav ua li cas hais txog tua koj tus kheej los ntawm drilling ib lub qhov nyob rau hauv koj lub pob txha taub hau cia cov ntsujplig phem tawm? Cov lus nug no yuav sound far-fetched rau koj, tab sis muaj cov neeg uas believed- thiab, tab sis yog nyob deb tsawg dua cov-uas tseem ntseeg hais tias nyob rau hauv cov ua rau thiab cov kev kho mob rau tej yam kev kho mob tej yam kev mob. Tshuaj tau tuaj ib tug ntev txoj kev tshaj lub xyoo, tab sis tej yam uas tsis tau hloov. Ntawm no yog cuaj coj txawv txawv, tiam sis yeej muaj tseeb kev kho mob uas ua rau koj ceeb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum koj paub hais tias muaj ntau ntawm lawv yog cov tseem nyob rau hauv kev siv niaj hnub no.
Tsiaj dung tshuaj pleev
Cov ancient Egyptians muaj ib tug remarkably zoo-ncaav kho mob, ua kom tiav nrog cov kws kho mob uas tshwj xeeb nyob rau hauv kho tej ailments. Cuaj kaum, tus cures lawv muab rau twb tsis yeej ib txwm mus snuff. Nabqa tsiav ntshav, tuag nas, av thiab tuaj pwm mov tau tag nrho cov siv raws li cov tshuaj pleev tshuaj pleev thiab cov ntaub qhwv, thiab cov poj niam tau zaum dosed nrog nees qaub ncaug raws li ib tug kho rau ib tug impaired libido. Feem ntau cov qias neeg ntawm tag nrho cov, Iyiv cov kws kho mob siv tib neeg thiab tsiaj quav raws li ib tug kho-tag nrho cov tshuaj rau cov kab mob thiab raug mob. Raws li 1500 B.C. lub Ebers Papyrus, nees luav, aub, gazelle thiab ya dung tau tag nrho cov lom rau lawv kho zog thiab lawv muaj peev xwm rau pawg ntseeg tawm cov plig phem. Thaum no repugnant tshuaj tej zaum yuav muaj qee coj mus rau tetanus thiab lwm yam kab mob, lawv tej zaum twb tsis nkaus tsis zoo-kev tshawb fawb qhia tau hais tias cov microflora pom nyob rau hauv ib co hom tsiaj dung muaj tshuaj tua kab mob tshuaj.
arsenic
Arsenic tej zaum yuav ib tug zoo-paub tshuaj lom, tab sis rau centuries nws twb siv raws li ib tug tshuaj. Nyob rau hauv ib txwm Suav tshuaj, arsenic yog lub npe hu ua Pi Shuang. Arsenic yog ib tug tseem ceeb muaj nyob rau hauv ntau patent cov tshuaj, xws li Fowler lub tshuaj, ib tug purported kho rau malaria thiab syphilis nyob rau hauv kev siv los ntawm lub caij 18th xyoo pua mus txog rau thaum lub sijhawm xyoo 1950. Lwm arsenic-muaj patent tshuaj, Donovan lub tshuaj, siv los mus kho kev mob caj dab thiab mob ntshav qab zib. Victorian cov poj niam kuj siv arsenic raws li ib tug kom hniav zoo nkauj.
Babylonian pob txha taub hau kho
Rau lub ancient Babylonians, feem ntau mob tau xav tias yuav tshwm sim ntawm tej ntsujplig phem rog los yog rau txim los ntawm cov gods rau yav dhau los misdeeds. Cov kws kho mob feem ntau muaj ntau nyob rau hauv ntau nrog cov pov thawj thiab exorcists tshaj niaj hnub cov kws kho mob, thiab lawv cures feem ntau muab kev koom tes ib co tivthaiv ntawm cov khawv koob. Piv txwv li, yog tias ib tug neeg mob hauv av lawv cov hniav, kho neeg tej zaum yuav xav tias cov dab ntawm ib tug neeg tuag hauv tsev neeg tau sim hu rau lawv raws li lawv pw. Raws li ancient necromantic ntawv, tus kws kho mob yuav pom zoo kom tsaug zog los ntawm ib tug tib neeg pob txha taub hau rau ib lub lim tiam raws li ib tug txoj kev exorcising tus ntsuj plig. Los xyuas kom meej qhov no disturbing kev kho mob ua hauj lwm, tus hniav-li twb tseem qhia rau nwj thiab yaim lub pob txha taub hau xya lub sij hawm txhua hmo.
Bloodletting.
1. Qhov no yog ib tug tshwj xeeb cov kev xyaum nyob rau hauv ancient lub sij hawm txhua txoj kev mus kom txog rau thaum lub caij puv 19 xyoo pua. Cov txheej txheem yuav tshem tawm ntawm theej loj nyiaj ntawm cov ntshav vim kev ntseeg tias qhov no yuav kho tau los yog tiv thaiv tus neeg mob los ntawm ib tug ntau yam ntawm kev mob nkeeg. Bloodletting tsis tau pov thawj npaum thiab, nyob rau hauv niaj hnub lub sij hawm, tau raug muab pov tseg nyob rau hauv tag nrho tab sis muaj ob peb yam tej yam kev mob. Lub logic ntawm bloodletting raug raws li nyob rau hauv cov kev tshawb xav ntawm cov plaub humours. Qhov no kev tshawb xav piav ib tug mystical equilibrium ntawm ob peb lub cev kua uas muaj tib neeg lub neej, thiab yuav ntxhov ntau heev cov ntshav-ua nyob rau hauv kev mob nkeeg. Niaj hnub no, lub sij hawm rau yog nqus ntshav rau kev kuaj tsom xam los yog ntshav yog "phlebotomy."
2. Rau txhiab xyoo, kev kho mob cov kws clung rau cov ntseeg tias kev mob kev nkeeg yog pawg rau lub txiaj ntsim ntawm ib tug me ntsis "phem cov ntshav." Bloodletting tej zaum pib nrog lub ancient Sumerians thiab Egyptians, tab sis nws tsis ua ntau xyaum kom txog thaum lub sij hawm ntawm classical Tim Nkij teb chaws thiab Rome. Influential cov kws kho mob li Hippocrates thiab Galen khaws cia hais tias tib neeg lub cev muaj plaub yooj yim tshuaj, los yog "humors" -yellow kua tsib, dub kua tsib, phlegm thiab cov ntshav-thiab cov uas yuav tsum tau yuav tsum tau khaws cia nyob rau hauv tshuav nyiaj li cas kom muaj kev noj qab haus huv. Nrog rau qhov no nyob rau hauv lub siab, cov neeg mob uas kub taub hau los yog lwm yam kev mob nkees twb feem ntau thiaj paub hais tias nrog ib tug overabundance ntawm cov ntshav. Yuav kom restore lub cev sib raug zoo, lawv tus kws kho mob yuav tsuas txiav qhib cov hlab ntsha thiab ntws ib txhia ntawm lawv tseem ceeb heev kua rau hauv ib lub receptacle. Nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub, leeches tau txawm siv mus nqus cov ntshav ncaj qha los ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Thaum nws yuav yooj yim ua nyob rau hauv lo tuag los ntawm cov ntshav poob, phlebotomy tau nyiaj dhau los raws li ib tug ntau kho mob xyaum zoo rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19. Medieval cov kws kho mob muab rau cov ntshav txhuav raws li ib tug kev kho mob rau txhua yam los ntawm ib tug mob caj pas mus rau lub plague, thiab ib co barbers teev nws raws li ib tug kev pab cuam nrog rau haircuts thiab shaves. Cov kev xyaum thaum kawg poob tawm ntawm Vogue tom qab kev tshawb fawb tshiab pom hais tias nws tej zaum yuav tsum tau ua tsim kev mob ntau tshaj kev zoo, tab sis leeching thiab tswj bloodletting tseem siv hnub no raws li kev kho mob rau tej yam uas tsis tshua muaj kev mob nkeeg.
tus noj neeg cures
Txom nyem los ntawm pheej mob taub hau, mob nqaij tu-sauv los yog plab ulcers? Ib zaug thaum ib lub sij hawm, hauv koj lub zos tus kws kho mob tej zaum yuav muaj tshuaj ib elixir muaj tib neeg cev nqaij daim tawv, cov ntshav los yog cov pob txha. Yog li ntawd-hu ua "neeg tuag tshuaj" yog ib tug disturbingly qho xyaum rau ntau pua xyoo. Cov Loos ntseeg hais tias cov ntshav poob gladiators yuav kho tau qaug dabpeg, thiab xyoo pua 12th apothecaries twb paub kev ua ib tug Tshuag ntawm "mummy hmoov" -ib macabre extract ua los ntawm av mus mummies looted los ntawm tim lyiv teb chaws. Meanwhile, nyob rau hauv xyoo pua 17th England, King Charles II twb paub rau enjoying ib tug kev kee ntawm "Huab tais lub Ncos," ib tug restorative brew ua los ntawm crumbled tib neeg pob txha taub hau thiab dej caw. Cov cannibalistic tshuaj tau xav kom muaj tej yam yees siv zog. Los ntawm siv cov seem ntawm ib tug neeg tuag, tus neeg mob kuj noj ib feem ntawm lawv cov ntsuj plig, ua rau muaj zog loj hlob thiab noj qab nyob zoo. Lub hom kev kho tshuaj feem ntau corresponded mus rau lub hom mob nkees-pob txha taub hau twb siv rau yastes yastaw, thiab tib neeg muaj roj rau mob ib ce-tab sis tau txais tshiab Tshuag yuav yog ib tug phem kawg cov txheej txheem. Nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub, lub sickly yuav kuj mus koom executions nyob rau hauv kev cia siab ntawm tau txais ib tug pheej yig khob ntawm freshly tua neeg cov ntshav.
Clysters
Clysters - lub archaic lo lus rau enemas - yog xav tau tau muab siv txij ancient sij hawm. Lawv tshwj xeeb tshaj yog fashionable los ntawm lub 17th los ntawm lub 19th centuries. Muaj nplua nwj neeg siv lawv los kho cem quav (uas enemas yuav pab tau) raws li zoo li ib tug ntau yam ntawm lwm yam kev tsis txaus siab, rau cov uas lawv yog useless. Ib tug raug clyster yuav muaj dej sov tov nrog ntsev, ci dej qab zib, los yog xab npum. Ib txhia kws kho mob ntxiv kas fes, bran, tshuaj ntsuab, zib ntab, los yog chamomile mus rau lub mix. Nyob rau hauv high zej zog, enemas ua enormously nrov, nrog aristocratic hypochondriacs noj ob peb scented enemas ib hnub twg. Thaum lub sij hawm nws lub sij hawm rau lub zwm txwv, Louis XIV ntawm Fabkis yog hais rau tau muaj ntau tshaj li 2,000 enemas.
Khej dung
Xav looj yog ib tug luag? Nyob rau hauv ancient Egypt, cov contraceptive ntawm kev xaiv yog khej dung. Qhuav dung tau tso rau hauv qhov chaw mos los, lub tswv yim ua hais tias nws yuav muag li nws mus txog lub cev kub tsim ib qho impenetrable barrier. Lwm yam contraceptive "pessaries" siv rov qab nyob rau hauv lub hnub muaj tsob ntoo kua ntoo, txiv qaub halves, paj rwb, wool, cov hiav txwv lub paj rwb, thiab ntxhw dung.
Crystal meth
Hitler yog ib tug hypochondriac. Nws tus kws kho mob txhaj nws pob tw nrog cov vitamins - tej zaum laced nrog methamphetamine, a.k.a. crystal meth. Raws li ib tug kws soj ntsuam remarked, nkaug tshuaj rau pab kom Hitler "tshiab, qhia, nquag, thiab sai li sai tau npaj txhij rau lub hnub ... muaj lus zoo siab, talkative, lub cev kom nquag plias thiab tsis dim mus nyob twj ywm tsaug zog ntev teev mus rau hauv lub hmo ntuj." Albert Speer suav hais tias yog Furher lub crystal meth yees ib yog vim li cas rau nws txhav tactics nyob rau hauv lub tom qab ua sawv ntawm lub ntiaj teb no ua tsov ua rog II, thaum nws yuav tsis kam tso cai rau pab tub rog mus Retreat txawm nyob rau hauv lub feem ntau dire yam.
Tuag nas muab tshuaj txhuam
Leej twg tau muab tso rau ib tug tuag lawm nas nyob rau hauv lub qhov ncauj? Ancient Egyptians tau ua, nrog rau cov kev cia siab hais tias ua li ntawd yuav tsis muaj kev txhawj hniav mob. Nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub, mashed qos nas twb zoo nrog rau lwm cov khoom xyaw, thiab lub resulting poultice twb thov mus rau mob heev qhov chaw. Egyptians twb tsis tsuas sawv daws yuav loj rau tus nas cures. Nyob rau hauv Elizabethan England, ib tug tshuaj rau mob cos yog mus txiav ib tug nas nyob rau hauv ib nrab thiab thov kom tib qhov chaw. (Lub Elizabethans kuj noj nas - kib los yog ci nyob rau hauv pies.) Nas kuj siv los kho hnoos, qhua pias, smallpox, thiab txaj-tso zis.
Farts nyob rau hauv ib hub
Nyob rau hauv lub Nrab Hnub nyoog, ib txhia kws kho mob ntseeg "zoo li cures nyiam." Yog li ntawd thaum confronted los ntawm cov dub tuag - xav kom yuav tshwm sim los ntawm cov vapors - lawv ntseeg hais tias tus yuam sij rau sib ntaus sib tua tus kab mob no yog siv ib tug me ntsis ntawm "kho tsw phem." Ib txhia hais tias cov neeg kom tshis nyob rau hauv lub tsev. Lwm tus pom zoo flatulence muab cia rau hauv rhawv zeb. Txhua lub sij hawm cov mob kis nyob rau hauv lub zej zog, cov neeg twb mus qhib lub hub thiab muab ib tug whiff. Suab funny tam sim no, tab sis tus kab mob plague yog tsis muaj dag. Ntawm 1348 thiab 1350, nws tua 30 mus rau 60 feem pua ntawm cov teb chaws Europe tus pej xeem. Cov rhawv zeb tsis pab.
Hluav Taws cupping.
Cov txheej txheem no yog raws nraim li nws suab zoo li. A lub tshuab nqus tsev yog tsim los ntawm huab cua rhuab los ntawm hluav taws uas yog muab tso rau hauv ib khob khob thiab muab tso rau tiv thaiv ib tug neeg mob daim tawv nqaij. Lub khob yog tswb zoo li tus thiab tuav txog 4 kua ooj. Feem ntau, 8 mus rau 12 lub khob yog muab tso rau hauv tus neeg mob tus rov qab nyob rau hauv ob thaum uas tig mus txhua. Yeej tias yog sab laug rau ntawm tus neeg mob rov qab-qhov tsaus ntuj nws txawv nrog ntev npaum li cas lub khob yog sab laug rau. Feem ntau, ib daim ntawv thov ntawm txog 20 feeb yog nruab nrab, rau cov rov qab; tiam sis qhov no yuav sib txawv. Yog li ntawd, yog dab tsi raws nraim? Raws li cov American Cancer Society, qhov no xyaum ntawm Suav tshuaj yog "pom zoo mas los kho tus mob bronchial congestion, mob caj dab, thiab mob. Nws kuj nce los tejzaum kev nyuaj siab thiab txo o." Tsis tau, cov haiv neeg lub xeev, "Qhov pov thawj scientific tsis txhawb neeg pab leg ntaubntawv uas cupping muaj tej yam kev pab kho mob."
tshis noob qes
Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 1900s, John Brinkley los ua ib tug ntawm cov richest cov kws kho mob nyob rau hauv America, txawm muaj tsis muaj kev kho mob tsim nyog. Nws tau thov nws yuav kho tau impotence, ntxiv lawm tshob, thiab lwm yam kev sib deev los ntawm surgically implanting tshis noob qes mus rau hauv ib tug txiv neej scrotum. Qhov phais twb tsis muaj scientific nqis thiab twb tsis tshua muaj txaus ntshai. Muaj ntau cov neeg mob tuag.
Hemiglossectomy
Yuav ua li cas yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws kev kho mob rau stuttering? Cov kws kho mob nyob rau hauv lub 18th thiab 19th centuries feem ntau txiav tawm ib nrab ntawm cov daig nplaig tus nplaig. Hemiglossectomy yog tseem siv niaj hnub no, tab sis raws li ib tug kev kho mob rau qhov ncauj cancer. Thiab tam sim no nws yuav ua li cas nyob rau hauv kev tshuaj loog, uas yog tsis yog cov ntaub rov qab nyob rau hauv lub hnub. Thiab mob tsuas yog ib qho teeb meem. Cov kev kho mob tsis ua hauj lwm, thiab ib co neeg mob ntshav rau txoj kev tuag.
Hirudotherapy.
Cov txheej txheem no, uas siv leeches, twb pom zoo los ntawm lub Food and Drug Administration (FDA) nyob rau hauv 2004. Nrog rau maggots, leeches ib co ntawm cov thawj nyob cov tsiaj mus khwv tau lub FDA pom zoo. Rau cov neeg, lub tswv yim ntawm los nyob ze cov creatures nkawd zoo nkauj grotesque, tab sis rau cov neeg mob uas muaj mob, cov kev tshwm sim yog zoo tsim nyog nws. Leeches tau muaj peev xwm sawv ntawm es noj nqaij thaum ntau high-tech tshuaj ua tsis tau. Lam leeches tau siv rau bloodletting-xav mus yuav lig rau txhua yam ailed cov neeg mob-los ntawm Hippocrates 'lub sij hawm los ntawm nruab nrab-xyoo pua puv 19. Tam sim no, leeches yog siv rau qhov tsim nyog qhov chaw, los ntawm uas lawv nqus cov tshaj ntshav thiab txo lub o nyob rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg, txhawb kev kho neeg mob los ntawm qhov uas tshiab, oxygenated ntshav mus cuag lub cheeb tsam. Lub leeches kuj paim ib qho anticoagulant (lub npe hu ua hirudin) uas txwv tsis pub lub txhaws ntawm cov ntshav. Lub hiab tus qaub ncaug yog xav kom yuav pab tau raws li zoo, muab ib lub zos ua kom loog hais tias tus hiab siv kom tsis txhob nrhiav kom tau los ntawm tus tswv tsev. Lub hiab lub plab kuj tuas ib tug kab mob hu ua Aeromonan hydrophila, uas yuav pab nyob rau hauv lub plab zom mov ntawm noj ntshav thiab ua ib tug tshuaj tua kab mob uas tua lwm yam txaus ntshai tus kab mob no.
Insulin coma txoj kev kho.
Nyob rau hauv 1927, Viennese tus kws kho mob Manfred Sakel ntawd muab nws ib tug ntshav qab zib cov neeg mob ib insulin overdose, uas xa nws mus rau hauv ib tug coma. Thaum waking, tus poj niam, uas tshwm sim los ua ib tug yeeb tshuaj addict, thov hais tias nws morphine yees tau mam li nco dheev ploj mus. Thaum no yuam kev tshwm sim dua, nrog rau cov tib curative tshwm sim, Sakel tsim ib lub tswv yim. Tsis ntev, nws pib txhob txwm kuaj li cas los ua lub npe hu ua insulin coma txoj kev kho rau cov neeg quav thiab cov neeg mob uas raug kev txom nyem los ntawm schizophrenia thiab psychosis. Nws qhia txog ib tug 90 feem pua rov qab npaum li cas, tshwj xeeb yog ntawm cov schizophrenics. Ib txhia kws txawj ntseeg tau hais tias lub hefty koob tshuaj insulin ua ntshav qab zib ntau ntau rau plummet, uas starves lub hlwb ntawm cov zaub mov thiab xa tus neeg mob mus rau hauv ib tug coma. Tab sis yog vim li cas qhov no yuav pab kom rov qab rau cov neeg quav los yog cov neeg puas hlwb cov neeg mob yog tseem tsis meej. Mathematician thiab kev tshoov siab rau cov zaj duab xis A Beautiful Mind, John Nash twb ua tau ib tug neeg uas insulin coma txoj kev kho raws li kev kho rau nws schizophrenia. Tog twg los txoj kev, txoj kev kho tau tswv txaus ntshai-ua tuag nyob rau hauv ib mus rau ob feem pua ntawm cov neeg mob - thiab nws thiaj li eradicated.
Tis txoj kev kho.
Peb twb tag nrho cov hnov qhov qhia, "Tis yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws tshuaj," tab sis yog muaj tiag muaj ib qho tseeb nyob rau hauv nws? Muaj coob tus neeg ntseeg hais tias yog. Cov kev xyaum ntawm tis txoj kev kho, kuj hu ua kev lom zem txoj kev kho, yog lub tswv yim ntawm kev siv kev lom zem los txhawb zuag qhia tag nrho noj qab haus huv thiab kev nyab xeeb. Rau xyoo, siv ntawm kev lom zem twb tau muab siv nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj (raws li thaum ntxov raws li lub xyoo pua 13th, cov neeg phais siv kev lom zem los cuam tshuam cov neeg mob los ntawm kev mob), thiab tawm kev tshawb fawb qhia hais tias tis tej zaum yuav ua tau muaj kho tus nqi. Nyob rau hauv nws 1979 phau ntawv, Anatomy ntawm ib tug mob, ib tug txiv neej npe hu Norman Cousins thov kom tau kho nws tus kheej ntawm ib tug mob loj nrog ib tug regimen ntawm tis thiab vitamins tom qab xyoo ntawm kev mob. Qhov no coj ntau xim rau lub tswv yim ntawm tis raws li ib tug qhov chaw ntawm kev kho mob. Kev kho mob phau ntawv tau pom tias tis txoj kev kho yuav pab txhim kho lub neej zoo rau cov neeg mob nrog unremitting mob. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, muaj ntau yam lub tsev kho mob muab tis txoj kev kho cov kev pab cuam raws li ib tug complementary kev kho mob rau kev mob nkeeg.
Tus menyuam yoov debridement txoj kev kho (MDT).
Maggots tau qhia rau heev npaum nyob rau hauv lub kos duab ntawm kho cov qhov txhab. Qhov no yog thawj zaug pom centuries dhau los thaum raug mob cov tub rog uas nws raug mob raug tus menyuam yoov-raug kho zoo dua cov neeg uas nws twb tsis tau. Cov maggots tau haus cov neeg tuag cov ntaub so ntswg thiab tawm hauv lub noj qab nyob zoo, nyob ntaub so ntswg nyob ib leeg. Maggots kuj ntiab tawm muaj teeb meem uas restrains los yog txawm tua cov kab mob, ua pov thawj tshwj xeeb tshaj yog pab tau nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam uas muaj neeg txom nyem kev qhov twg tshuaj tua kab mob yuav ntawm me ntsis kev pab. Txij li thaum lub xyoo pua 16th li kom txog thaum lub 1940s, thaum tshuaj tua kab mob thiab phais hom kev kawm hloov nws, siv cov maggots siv thiab pom tau hais tias nws zoo lub peev xwm. Nyob rau hauv 1989, lub zoo dua ntawm MDT nyob rau hauv tej zaum tshaj tshuaj tua kab mob twb pom tau hais thaum maggots tau pov thawj yuav tsum tau ntau competent tshuaj ntawm tej qhov txhab tshaj li lwm yam uas tsis yog-phais kho mob. Nyob rau hauv 2004, maggots raug pom zoo los ntawm FDA.
Malaria txoj kev kho.
Tsis yog, qhov no yog tsis kho siv los kho malaria. Es tsis txhob, qhov no yog lub tswv yim ntawm kev siv malaria li txoj kev kho ntau yeej, raws li ib tug kev kho mob rau syphilis. Kom txog thaum lub thaum ntxov 1900s, muaj tsis muaj kev kho mob rau cov kev sib deev kis kab mob (STD) thaum Viennese neurologist Wagner-Jauregg muaj lub tswv yim los kho syphilis cov neeg mob uas kis tau malaria mob cov ntshav. Cov neeg mob yuav ces tsim malaria, uas yuav ua rau ib tug tsis tshua kub taub hau uas yuav ua kom puas rau syphilis kab mob. Thaum uas tau tshwm sim, lawv yuav tsum tau kho nrog lub malaria tshuaj quinine thiab kho ntawm ob ailments. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, muaj cov sab los - xws li lub siab kub taub hau, tab sis lawv twb muaj nqis lub sij hawm, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tsis muaj lwm yam kev xaiv. Wagner-Jauregg txawm yeej lub Nobel nqi zog rau malaria kuj nyob rau hauv 1927, thiab cov kev kho mob yog ntau kom txog thaum txoj kev loj hlob ntawm penicillin tuaj thiab cov kws kho mob muaj ib tug muaj kev ruaj ntseg thiab ntau npaum kho rau tus kab mob STD.
Mercury
Mercury yog hais tsis zoo rau nws cov tshuaj lom zog, tab sis nws yog ib zaug siv tau raws li ib qho elixir thiab tshuaj pleev tshuaj. Cov ancient Pawxia thiab Greeks xam tau tias yog nws ib tug pab tau tshuaj pleev, thiab ob-xyoo pua Suav alchemists prized kua mercury, los yog "quicksilver," thiab liab mercury sulfide rau lawv yuav tsum muaj peev xwm kom lifespan thiab kev loj hlob. Ib txhia healers txawm cog lus hais tias los ntawm siv noxious brews muaj lom mercury, sulfur thiab arsenic, lawv cov neeg mob yuav tau nyob mus ib txhis lub neej thiab muaj peev xwm taug kev los mus rau dej. Ib qho ntawm feem nrov casualties ntawm no noj cov zaub mov yog cov Suav huab tais Qin Shi Huang, uas supposedly tuag tom qab thaum noj tau mercury tshuaj tsim los ua kom nws tsis txawj tuag. Los ntawm cov Renaissance txog rau thaum ntxov 20th xyoo pua, Mercury kuj siv tau raws li ib tug nrov tshuaj rau kev sib deev kis cov kab mob xws li mob syphilis. Hos ib txhia nyiaj thov hnyav hlau kho mob yog kev vam meej nyob rau hauv sib ntaus sib tua tawm tau tus kab mob, cov neeg mob feem ntau tuag los ntawm daim siab thiab lub raum puas tsuaj los ntawm mercury lom.
tuaj pwm mov
Tuaj pwm ncuav los twb tau muab siv rau Tsau tshuaj rau cov kev txiav nyiaj kom deb li deb rov qab raws li ancient Egypt. Tab sis dab tsi yuav sound vwm ua tej kev txiav txim. Raws li Louis Pasteur famously sab, tej yam fungi paub los thaiv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob-ua rau cov kab mob. Xav seb penicillin.
paraffin ciab
Niaj hnub no, cov kws kho mob siv Botox thiab collagen kom rejuvenate ntsej muag. Rov qab nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19, ib txhia kws kho mob siv tshuaj ntawm paraffin rau smooth tawm wrinkles. Paraffin twb tseem txhaj mus rau hauv cov poj niam lub mis, nyob rau hauv ib tug thaum ntxov los ntawm ob lub mis augmentation. Tab sis cov xyaum poob tawm ntawm haum - thiab rau zoo yog vim li cas. Nws tshwm sim los tsim ntawm nyuaj, mob nais lub npe hu ua paraffinomas.
Hmoov ntawm pab koj tu siab
Thib kaum xya xyoo pua tshuaj zoo li ib tug me ntsis vwm rau niaj hnub tus neeg, tab sis tej zaum tsis muaj dab tsi mas, wackier tshaj Sir Kenelm Digby lub "Hmoov Ntawm pab koj tu siab." Lub hmoov twb npaj raws li ib tug kev kho mob rau ib tug heev kev raug mob: Rapier cov qhov txhab. Nws raug ua los ntawm cua nab, npua hlwb, hlau oxide (xeb), thiab me me ntawm mummified corpses, av mus rau ib tug hmoov. Lub hmoov yog hos tsis mus rau lub qhov txhab nws tus kheej tab sis rau cov offending riam phom. Digby xav hais tias tus coj txawv txawv concoction yuav sov ua licas txhawb kom cov qhov txhab nws tus kheej kom zoo - ntawm ib tug txheej txheem uas hu ua "sympathetic khawv koob."
Yaj lub siab mob
Muaj tsis muaj kev kuaj ntshav los yog X-rays, yuav ua li cas ho ancient healers kuaj mob? Nyob rau hauv Mesopotamia (niaj hnub Iraq), cov kws ua kev txiav txim tsis yog tuaj kuaj tus neeg mob, tiam sis los ntawm tshuaj ntsuam lub siab ntawm txi yaj. Thaum lub sij hawm, lub siab twb xav kom tau rau qhov chaw ntawm tib neeg cov ntshav, thiab chaw pib lub qhov chaw ntawm lub neej nws tus kheej. Av nplaum qauv ntawm cov yaj siab hnub rov qab kom deb li deb raws li 2050 B.C.
Qaug dab peg txoj kev kho.
Hungarian pathologist Ladislas von Meduna, uas muaj lub tswv yim tias qaug dab peg yuav siv tau los kho schizophrenia, engineered lub tswv yim ntawm cov qaug dab peg txoj kev kho. Nws thiaj li, nws pom tias camphor yaj nyob rau hauv cov roj ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ob qho tag nrho cov tsiaj thiab tib neeg. Nyob rau lub ib hlis ntuj 23, 1934, nws sim txhaj tshuaj ntawm camphor roj nyob rau hauv ib tug 33-xyoo-laus loj catatonic neeg mob. Tom qab tsib kev kho mob, catatonia thiab psychotic cov tsos mob twb ploj mus. Meduna txuas ntxiv qhov kev kho no nyob rau hauv ntau cov neeg mob, thiab tawm ntawm 26 cov neeg mob, nws tau rov qab nyob rau hauv 10 ntawm lawv thiab txoj kev txhim kho nyob rau hauv peb. Nws thiaj li, lub sab los twb dhau lawm txaus ntshai, xws li nco tsis tau thiab pob txha, thiab qaug dab peg txoj kev kho tau txiav.
nab roj
Nab roj tsis tau yeej ib txwm tau ib tug cia li euphemism rau quack kho mob kev kho mob. Rau centuries, cov roj los ntawm Suav dej nab yog ib tug tiag tiag kev kho mob siv nyob rau hauv tsoos suav tshuaj los daws tej pob txha. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, nws tseem siv niaj hnub no. Nab roj nkawd tau raug coj tuaj rau America los ntawm Suav tes dej num uas ua hauj lwm rau lub Transcontinental kev tsheb ciav hlau. Qhov no twb backbreaking ua hauj lwm, thiab cov neeg uas hlais yog xav tau txawm lig los plhws cov roj nyob rau hauv lawv mob tej pob qij txha. Peb paub hnub no tias cov nab yog ib tug nplua nuj qhov chaw ntawm eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) ib omega-3 fatty acid uas muaj anti-inflammatory zog.
Trepanation.
1. Qhov no phais yog ua los ntawm drilling los yog scraping ib lub qhov rau hauv lub pob txha taub hau, nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav kho cov teeb meem kev muaj feem xyuam rau intracranial kab mob los yog rau mystical hom phiaj. Pov thawj ntawm no xyaum tau twb tsis siv tag nrho cov kev rov qab mus Neolithic lub sij hawm onwards. Thaum lub sij hawm prehistoric lub sij hawm, trepanation twb xav tias mus kho cov kab mob los ntawm qhov uas cov dab phem thiab cov ntsujplig phem khiav los ntawm qhov uas tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub pob txha taub hau. Trepanation pab tswvyim thiab neeg tseem muaj nyob, ntseeg qhov no yog qhov txhais tau tias kom noj qab nyob zoo thiab thiav. Nyob rau hauv niaj hnub lub sij hawm, cov kev kho mob txoj kev ntawm corneal hloov phais kuj siv ib yam dab tsi hu ua trepanning los yog trephining. Txawm li cas los, qhov no yog
ua rau lub qhov muag nrog ib qho kev ntsuas hu ua ib tug trephine.
2. tib neeg tus hlob hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev phais kuj yog ib tug ntawm nws feem ntau gruesome. Raws li deb rov qab raws li 7,000 xyoo dhau los, civilizations nyob ib ncig ntawm lub ntiaj teb no koom nyob rau hauv trepanation-txoj kev xyaum ntawm boring qhov nyob rau hauv lub pob txha taub hau raws li ib tug txhais tau tias ntawm tua kab mob. Soj ntsuam ntawm muaj peev xwm xwb xav yuav ua li cas los yog vim li cas qhov no grisly daim ntawv ntawm lub hlwb phais thawj tsim. Ib tug ntau txoj kev xav mas hais tias nws tej zaum yuav tau ib co daim ntawv ntawm pab pawg neeg ritual los sis txawm ib txoj kev rau tso kev phem dab ntseeg kom muaj cov neeg muaj mob thiab lub hlwb mob. Tseem lwm tus cam hais tias nws yog ib tug ntau pa phais siv los kho qaug dabpeg, mob taub hau, ua paug thiab ntshav txhaws. Trepanned skulls nyob rau hauv Peru ntsis hais tias nws kuj yog ib tug ntau thaum muaj xwm ceev kho mob rau ntxuav tawm cov pob txha tawg tsam tseg los ntawm pob txha taub hau pob txha lov, thiab cov pov thawj qhia tau hais tias muaj ntau yam ntawm tus neeg mob dim qhov phais.
Cov Kev kuaj zis mob
Nyob rau hauv Medieval cov teb chaws Europe, cov kws kho mob feem ntau thiaj paub hais tias lawv cov neeg mob nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm uroscopy. Suab scientific, tab sis nws yeej li cas tsis muaj dab tsi ntau tshaj li muaj ib tug saib tus neeg mob cov zis. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, tuav ib hwj ntawm cov zis tiv thaiv lub teeb yog raws li ntau ib lub cim ntawm cov tshuaj nyob rau hauv medieval lub sij hawm raws li ib tug dawb lub tsho tiv no thiab mloog plawv mloog ntsws yog hnub no. Ib txhia neeg muab ib cov qauv nyob rau hauv tus neeg, thaum lwm tus neeg tsuas xa cov doc ib cov qauv. Cov kws kho mob yuav soj ntsuam cov zis tus tsis hnov tsw, lub taub hau - thiab txawm nws saj.
vin Mariani
Nyob rau hauv 1863, Italian chemist Angelo Mariani tuaj nrog ib tug kho tonic uas muaj liab caw kho nrog coca nplooj. Vin Mariani, raws li cov brew twb paub, yog ib tug hit - tej zaum tsis ceeb, raws li coca nplooj muaj yeeb. Tawm thov lub haus dej twb pom zoo los ntawm 8,000 tus kws kho mob thiab yog zoo tagnrho rau cov "sib zog ua haujlwm cov txiv neej, me poj niam, thiab sickly cov me nyuam." Nws twb enjoyed los ntawm Thomas Edison, poj huab tais Victoria, lub Czar ntawm Russia, Pope Saint Pius X, thiab Pope Leo XIII, uas txawm nyob rau hauv ib tug ad rau lub tonic thiab muab nws ib tug kub puav pheej. Vin Mariani muag khiav ceev nyob rau hauv lub U.S., qhov twg nws pab txhawb John S. Pemberton tuaj mus nrog ib tug xws li cov khoom. Nws twb hu ua Coca-Cola.
wandering plab
Ancient cov kws kho mob Greek ntseeg hais tias ib tug poj niam lub plab yog ib tug nyias muaj nyias ib zeej nrog ib tug siab ntawm nws tus kheej. Raws li cov lus sau ntawm Plato thiab Hippocrates, thaum ib tug poj niam yog celibate rau ib ncua sij hawm, nws lub tsev me nyuam-piav raws li ib tug "nyob tsiaj" xav ua kom dais cov me nyuam-yuav dislodge thiab glide es txog nws lub cev yuav ua tau txhawm chim, qaug dab peg thiab hysteria. Qhov no mas mob tau nyiaj dhau los nyob rau hauv ib co daim ntawv mus rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm cov neeg Loos thiab Byzantines-zoo tom qab cov kws kho mob tau kawm hais tias tus niam plab twb muaj nyob rau hauv qhov chaw los ntawm ligaments. Yuav kom tiv thaiv lawv wombs los ntawm yuav mus nyob rau walkabout, ancient poj niam uas tau ntuas kom yuav cov tub ntxhais thiab ua tim raws li ntau cov me nyuam raws li sai tau. Rau ib lub tsev menyuam uas twb tawg dawb, cov kws kho mob tshuaj kho da, infusions thiab lub cev massages sim yuam kom nws rov qab nyob rau hauv txoj hauj lwm. Tej zaum lawv yuav txawm "fumigate" tus neeg mob lub taub hau nrog cov leej faj thiab suab thaum ib txhij muab tshuaj ntxuav tsw qab muab tshuaj pleev ntawm nws ncej puab -txoj logic ua hais tias cov plab yuav khiav los ntawm cov ntxhiab tsw phem thiab tsiv rov qab mus rau hauv nws cov rightful qhov chaw.
Cov kws kho mob yuav tsum ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub maxim "ua tsis muaj mob," tab sis keeb kwm ntiaj teb qhia tau hais tias hais tias qhov no tej zaum kuj tau yooj yim dua hais dua li cas. Thaum lub ancients tau kuj ceeb tias sophisticated nyob rau hauv lawv cov kev paub ntawm kev raug mob, kev mob kev nkeeg thiab tus kab mob, feem ntau lawv resorted mus rau ib co downright mob heev thiab bloodcurdling txoj kev nyob rau hauv lawv cov misguided sim kho lawv cov neeg mob, muaj ntau leej twg ua tsis tau tejyam kom ciaj sia "lawv" proscribed kev kho mob uas yog feem ntau zuj zus tshaj li ailed lawv nyob rau hauv thawj qhov chaw.
- noog
***
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Monday, March 14, 2016
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