Convicted of witchcraft was burned at the stakein public on
the Place de Grève in Paris on February 22, 1680
Catherine Deshayes,
sometimes known as Catherine Monvoisin, or simply La Voisin was a French serial
killer. She was born around 1640, and executed as a witch on 16 February 1680,
in Paris; together with several others. She played an important role in the
so-called Affair of the Poisons. She lived from charging high fees to make horoscopes.
She celebrated black masses, practiced abortions, sold love potions and
poisons. She is said to have sacrificed infants. Catherine Monvoisin, or
Montvoisin, née Deshayes, known as "La Voisin" (c. 1640 – February
22, 1680), was a French fortune teller, poisoner and an alleged sorceress, one of
the chief personages in the affaire des poisons, during the reign of Louis XIV.
Background
Catherine Deshayes was married to Antoine Monvoisin, a jeweler
with a shop at Pont-Marie in Paris. After her husband was ruined, La Voisin
started her career by practicing chiromancy and face-reading to support her
family. She practiced medicine, especially midwifery, and performed abortions. As
for her practice in fortune telling, she was to say that she developed the
talent God had given her. She was to have been taught the art of fortune
telling at the age of nine, and after her husband became ruined, she decided to
profit by it. She studied the modern methods of physiology and reading the
client's future by reading their faces and hands. She also spend a lot of money
to provide an atmosphere which could make the clients more inclined to believe
in the prophecies. For example, she acquired a special robe of crimson red
velvet embroidered with eagles in gold for a price of 1500 livres to perform
in. In 1665-1666, her fortune telling was questioned by the priests of Saint
Vincent de Paul's order, the Congregation of the Mission, but La Voisin
defended herself successfully before the professors at the Sorbonne.
Activity
During her work as a fortune teller, she noticed the
similarities between her customers wishes about their future: almost all wanted
to have someone fall in love with them, that someone would die so that they
might inherit, or that their spouses would die, so that they might marry someone
else. Initially, she told her clients that their will would be true if it was
also the will of God. Then, she started to recommend to her clients some action
that would make their dreams come true. These actions were initially to visit
the church of some particular saint; eventually, she started to sell amulets
and recommend magical practices of various kinds. The bones of toads, teeth of
moles, Spanish flies, iron filings, human blood and mummy, or the dust of human
remains, were among the alleged ingredients of the love powders concocted by La
Voisin. Finally, she started to sell aphrodisiacs to those who wished for
people to fall in love with them, and poison to those who wished for someone to
die. Her knowledge of poisons was not apparently so thorough as that of less
well-known sorcerers, or it would be difficult to account for Louise de La
Vallière's immunity. The art of poisoning had become a regular science at the
time, having been perfected, in part, by Giulia Tofana, a professional female
poisoner in Italy, only a few decades before La Voisin. She arranged black
masses, where the clients could pray to the Devil to make their wishes come
true. During at least some of these masses, a woman performed as an altar, upon
which a bowl was placed: a baby was held above the bowl, and the blood from it
was poured in to the bowl. She had a large network of colleagues and
assistants, among them Adam Lesage, who performed allegedly magical tasks; the
priests Étienne Guibourg and abbé Mariotte, who officiated at the black masses;
and poisoners like Catherine Trianon.
La Voisin had many clients among the aristocracy and made a
fortune from her business. Among her noted clients were countess de Soissons,
duchess de Bouillon; Comtesse de Gramont ("la belle Hamilton"),
François-Henri de Montmorency, duc de Luxembourg, princess Marie Louise
Charlotte de Tingry, marchioness Benigne d'Alluye, countess Claude Marie du
Roure, count de Clermont-Lodéve, countess Jacqueline de Polignac, duchess
Antoinette de Vivonne, Marquis Louis de Cessac, Marquis Antoine de Feuquieres
and Marechal de la Ferthe. La Voisin resided at Villeneuve-sur-Gravois, where
she received her clients. She tended to her clients all day, and entertained at
parties with violin music in her gardens at night, attended by Parisian upper
class society. The house also included a furnace for the bodies of dead babies,
who were then buried in the garden. She regularly attended at the services at
the church of the Jansenist abbé de Sant-Amour, principal at the Paris
University, and godmother of her daughter was the noblewoman de la Roche-Guyon.
She supported a family of six, including her mother, and among her lovers were
the executioner Andre Guillaume, Latour, vicomte de Cousserans, count de
Labatie, the alchemist Blessis, the architect Fauchet and the magician Adam
Lesage. At one point, Adam Lesage tried to induce her to kill her husband, but
she regretted the plan and aborted the process. La Voisin was interested in
science and alchemy and financed several private projects and enterprises, some
of them made by con artists who tried to fool money out of her. Privately, she
suffered from alcoholism, was apparently abused by Latour, and engaged in
severe conflicts with her rival, poisoner Marie Bosse.
Connection to Madame de Montespan
The most important client of La Voisin Madame de Montespan,
official royal mistress to King Louis XIV of France. Their contact were often
performed through the companion of Montespan, Claude de Vin des Œillets. In
1667, Montespan hired La Voisin to arrange a black mass. This mass was
celebrated in a house in Rue de la Tannerie. Adam Lesage and abbé Mariotte
officiated, while Montespan prayed to win the love of the king. The same year,
Montespan became the official mistress of the king, and after this, she
employed La Voisin whenever a problem occurred in her relationship with the
king. In 1673, when the king's interest in Montespan seemed to deteriorate,
Montespan again employed La Voisin, who provided a series of black masses
officiated by Etienne Guibourg. On a least one occasion, Montespan herself
acted as the human altar during the mass. La Voisin also provided Montespan
with aphrodisiac, with which Montespan drugged the King. During the king's
affair with Soubise, Montespan used aphrodisiac provided by Voisin's colleague
Francoise Filastre and made by Louis Galet in Normandy. In 1677, Montespan made
clear that if the king should abandon her, she would have him killed. When the
King entered in to a relationship with Angélique de Fontanges in 1679, Montespan
called for La Voisin and asked her to have both the king and Fontages killed.
La Voisin hesitated, but was eventually convinced to agree. At the house of her
colleague, Catherine Trianon, La Voisin constructed a plan to kill the king
together with the poisoners Trianon, Bertrand and Romani, the last being also
the fiancé of her daughter. Trianon was unwilling to participate and tried to
make her change her mind by constructing an ill-fated fortune for her, but
Voisin refused to change her mind. The group decided to murder the king by
poisoning a petition, to be delivered to his own hands.
The 5 March 1679, La Voisin visited the royal court in
Saint-Germain to deliver the petition. At that day, however, there were too
many petitioners and the king did not take them in his hands, which made her
return without having delivered it. Upon her return to her home in Paris, she
was castigated by a group of monks. She handed the petition to her daughter and
asked her to burn it, which she also did. The next day, she made plans to visit
Catherine Trianon after mass, to plan the next murder attempt upon Louis XIV.
Investigation and execution
The death of the king's sister-in-law, the Duchesse
d'Orléans, had been falsely attributed to poison, and the crimes of Madame de
Brinvilliers (executed in 1676) and her accomplices were still fresh in the
public mind. In parallel, a riot took place where people accused witches of
abducting children for the black masses, and priests reported that a growing
number of people were confessing to poisoning in their confessions. In 1677,
the fortune teller Magdelaine de La Grange was arrested for poisoning, and
claimed that she had information about crimes of high importance. The arrest of
the successful fortune teller and poisoner Marie Bosse and Marie Vigoreux in
January 1679, made the police aware that there existed a network of fortune
tellers in Paris who dealt with the distribution of poison. The 12 March 1679,
La Voisin was arrested outside Notre-Dame de Bonne-Nouvelle after having heard
mass, just before her appointed meeting at Catherine Trianon. In April 1679, a
commission appointed to inquire into the subject and to prosecute the offenders
met for the first time. Its proceedings, including some suppressed in the
official records, are preserved in the notes of one of the official court
reporters, Gabriel Nicolas de la Reynie.
At the arrest of La Voisin, her maid Margot stated that the
arrest would mean the end of a number of people of all positions of society.
The arrest of La Voisin was followed by the arrest of her daughter Marguerite
Monvoisin, Guibourg, Lesage, Bertrand, Romain and the rest of her network of
her associates. La Voisin was imprisoned at Vincennes, were she was subjected
to questioning. On 27 December 1679, Louis XIV issued an order that the whole
network should be exterminated by all methods regardless of the rank, gender or
age of those involved. La Voisin confessed to the crimes she was accused of and
described the development of her career. She was never subjected to torture: a
formal order was issued giving permission to the use of torture, but it was
made clear that the order was not to be put in effect, and consequently it was
never made use of. The reason it suggested to be the fear that she might give away
the names of influential people if she was questioned under torture. La Voisin
never mentioned the names of any of her clients during the interviews. She once
mentioned to the guards, that the question she feared most was that they should
ask her about her visits at the royal court. It is likely that she was
referring to Montespan as her client and her attempt of murdering the king, and
that she feared that such a confession should result in her execution for
regicide. Her list of clients, the arranging of the black masses, her
connection to Montespan and the murder attempt on the king was not to be
revealed until after her death, when it was stated by her daughter and
confirmed by the uncontaminated testimonies of the other accused. La Voisin was
convicted of witchcraft and was burned in public on the Place de Grève in Paris
the 22 February 1680. In July, her daughter Marguerite Monvoisin revealed her
connection to Montespan, which was confirmed by the statements of the other
accused. This caused the monarch to eventually close the investigation, seal
the testimonies and place the remaining accused outside of the public justice
system by imprisoning them under a lettre de cachet.
Another Article on the Subject:
Catherine Monvoisin, known as “La Voisin” (d. 1680), French
sorceress, whose maiden name was Catherine Deshayes, was one of the chief
personages in the famous affaire des poisons, which disgraced the reign of
Louis XIV. Her husband, Monvoisin, was an unsuccessful jeweler, and she practiced
chiromancy and face-reading to retrieve their fortunes. She gradually added the
practice of witchcraft, in which she had the help of a renegade priest, Étienne
Guibourg, whose part was the celebration of the “black mass,” an abominable
parody in which the host was compounded of the blood of a little child mixed
with horrible ingredients. She practiced medicine, especially midwifery,
procured abortion and provided love powders and poisons. Her chief accomplice
was one of her lovers, the magician Lesage, whose real name was Adam Cœuret.
The great ladies of Paris flocked to La Voisin, who accumulated enormous
wealth. Among her clients were Olympe Mancini, comtesse de Soissons, who sought
the death of the king's mistress, Louise de la Vallière; Mme de Montespan, Mme de
Gramont (la belle Hamilton) and others. The bones of toads, the teeth of moles,
cantharides, iron filings, human blood and human dust were among the
ingredients of the love powders concocted by La Voisin. Her knowledge of
poisons was not apparently so thorough as that of less well-known sorcerers, or
it would be difficult to account for La Vallière's immunity. The art of
poisoning had become a regular science. The death of Henrietta, duchess of
Orleans, was attributed, falsely it is true, to poison, and the crimes of Marie
Madeleine de Brinvilliers (executed in 1676) and her accomplices were still
fresh in the public mind.
In April 1679 a commission appointed to inquire into the
subject and to prosecute the offenders met for the first time. Its proceedings,
including some suppressed in the official records, are preserved in the notes
of one of the official rapporteurs, Gabriel Nicolas de la Reynie. The
revelation of the treacherous intention of Mme de Montespan to poison Louis
XIV. and of other crimes, planned by personages who could not be attacked
without scandal which touched the throne, caused Louis XIV. to close the chamber
ardent, as the court was called, on the 1st of October 1680. It was reopened on
the 19th of May 1681 and sat until the 21st of July 1682. Many of the culprits
escaped through private influence. Among these were Marie Anne Mancini,
duchesse de Bouillon, who had sought to get rid of her husband in order to
marry the duke of Vendôme, though Louis XIV. banished her to Nérac. Mme de Montespan
was not openly disgraced, because the preservation of Louis's own dignity was
essential, and some hundred prisoners, among them the infamous Guibourg and
Lesage, escaped the scaffold through the suppression of evidence insisted on by
Louis XIV. and Louvois. Some of these were imprisoned in various fortresses,
with instructions from Louvois to the respective commandants to flog them if
they sought to impart what they knew. Some innocent persons were imprisoned for
life because they had knowledge of the facts. La Voisin herself was executed at
an early stage of the proceedings, on the 20th of February 1680, after a
perfunctory application of torture. The authorities had every reason to avoid
further revelations. Thirty-five other prisoners were executed; five were sent
to the galleys and twenty-three were banished. Their crimes had furnished one
of the most extraordinary trials known to history. Accord: Encyclopedia Britannica
The Affair of the Poisons (L'affaire des poisons) was a
major murder scandal in France which took place in 1677–1682, during the reign
of King Louis XIV. During it, a number of prominent members of the aristocracy
were implicated and sentenced on charges of poisoning and witchcraft. The
scandal reached into the inner circle of the King. It led to the execution of
36 people.
Context and origin
The origin of the case began in 1675 after the trial of
Madame de Brinvilliers, who had conspired with her lover, army captain Godin de
Sainte-Croix, to poison her father Antonine Dreux d'Aubray in 1666 and two of
her brothers, Antoine d'Aubray and François d'Aubray, in 1670, in order to
inherit their estates. There were also rumors that she had poisoned poor people
during her visits in hospitals. She fled, but was arrested in Liège. She was
forced to confess, sentenced to death and on 17 July was tortured with the
water cure (forced to drink sixteen pints of water), beheaded and burned at the
stake. Her accomplice Sainte-Croix had died of natural causes in 1672. The sensational trial drew attention to a
number of other mysterious deaths, starting a number of rumors. Prominent
people, including Louis XIV, became alarmed that they also might be poisoned.
The King forced some of his servants to become his food tasters.
Implications and investigation
The affair proper opened in February 1677 after the arrest
of Magdelaine de La Grange on charges of forgery and murder. La Grange appealed
to François Michel le Tellier, Marquis of Louvois, claiming that she had
information about other crimes of high importance. Louvois reported to the
King, who told Gabriel Nicolas de la Reynie, who, among other things, was the
chief of the Paris police, to root out the poisoners. La Reynie sought to calm
the King. The subsequent investigation of potential poisoners was to lead to
accusations of witchcraft, murder and more. Authorities rounded up a number of
fortune tellers and alchemists that were suspected of selling not only
divinations, séances and aphrodisiacs, but also "inheritance powders"
(a euphemism for poison). Some of them under torture confessed and gave the
authorities lists of their clients, who had allegedly bought poison to either
get rid of their spouses or rivals in the royal court. The most famous case was
of the midwife Catherine Deshayes Monvoisin or La Voisin, who was arrested in
1679 after she was pointed out by the poisoner Marie Bosse. La Voisin
implicated a number of important individuals in the French court. These included
Olympia Mancini, the Comtesse de Soissons, her sister Marie Anne Mancini
Duchesse de Bouillon, François Henri de Montmorency, Duke of Luxembourg and,
most importantly, the King's mistress, Athénaïs de Montespan.
Questioned while she was kept intoxicated, La Voisin claimed
that de Montespan had bought aphrodisiacs and performed Black Masses with her
in order to gain and keep the King's favor over rival lovers. She had worked
with a priest named Étienne Guibourg. There was no evidence beyond her confessions,
but bad reputations followed these people afterwards. Eleanor Herman, on page
113 in her book Sex With Kings, records "Given" claimed the remains
of 2,500 infants were found in La Voisin's garden. But Anne Somerset disputes
this in her book The Affair of the Poisons and states there is no mention of
the garden being searched for human remains. Also involved in the scandal was
Eustache Dauger de Cavoye, the eldest living scion of a prominent noble family.
De Cavoye was disinherited by his family when, in an act of debauchery he chose
to celebrate Good Friday with a Black Mass. Upon his disinheritance, he opened
a lucrative trade in "inheritance powders" and aphrodisiacs. He
mysteriously disappeared after the abrupt ending to Louis' official investigation
in 1678. Because of this and his name, he was once suspected of being the Man
in the Iron Mask. However, this theory has fallen out of favor because it is
known that he was imprisoned by his family in 1679 in the Prison Saint-Lazare.
The end of the trial
La Voisin was sentenced to death for witchcraft and
poisoning, and burned at the stake on 22 February 1680. Marshal
Montmorency-Bouteville was briefly jailed in 1680, but was later released and
became a captain of the guard. Minister Jean-Baptiste Colbert helped to hush
things up. De La Reynie re-established the special court, the Chamber Ardent
("burning court") to judge cases of poisoning and witchcraft. It
investigated a number of cases, including many connected to nobles and
courtiers in the King's court. Over the years, the court sentenced 34 people to
death for poisoning or witchcraft. Two died under torture and several courtiers
were exiled. The court was abolished in 1682, because the King could not risk
publicity of such scandal. To this, Police Chief Reynie said, "the
enormity of their crimes proved their safeguard."
Aftermath
Perhaps the most important effect of the scandal and
subsequent persecutions was the expulsion from France of the Comtesse de
Soissons. Her son remained in France, only to find that his mother's
high-profile disgrace prevented him from realizing his personal ambitions, as
he was effectively barred from pursuing a military career. He would eventually
leave France, nurturing a profound grudge against Louis XIV, and enter the service
of France's sworn enemies the Habsburgs. Prince Eugene of Savoy, or Prinz
Eugen, would, in time, come to be known as one of the greatest generals of the
age and one of the factors behind the failure of Louis' bid for hegemony in
Europe.
Condemned in the Poison Affair
The Poison Affair implicated 442 suspects: 367 orders of
arrests were issued, of which 218 were carried out. Of the condemned, 36 were
executed; five were sentenced to the galleys; and 23 to exile. This excludes
those who died in custody by torture or suicide. Additionally, many accused
were never brought to trial, but placed outside of the justice system and
imprisoned for life by a lettre de cachet. Of the people who were condemned to
perpetual imprisonment by lettre de cachet, six women were imprisoned at
Château de Villefranche; 18 men at Château de Salces; 12 women at
Belle-Île-en-Mer; ten men at Château de Besançon; 14 women at St Andre de
Salins; and five women at Fort de Bains.
Professionals
This lists people involved in the Poison Affair by being
professionally involved in criminal activity.
Their punishment is mentioned after their name and role.
Roger, Siegneur de
Bachimont, alchemist, associate of Louis de Vanens; perpetual imprisonment by
lettre de cachet at St Andre de Salins.
Marie de
Bachimont, alchemist, associate of Louis de Vanens and spouse of Roger de
Bachimont; perpetual imprisonment by lettre de cachet at St Andre de Salins.
Mathurin Barenton,
poisoner; executed in September 1681.
La Belliére, fortune
teller; perpetual imprisonment by lettre de cachet
François Belot,
associate of La Voisin; executed in June 1679.
Martine Bergerot,
fortune teller.
Betrand, poisoner,
associate of La Voisin; perpetual imprisonment by lettre de cachet at Château
de Salces.
Denis Poculot,
Sieur de Blessis, alchemist, lover of La Voisin; condemned to the galleys.
Marie Bosse,
fortune teller and poisoner; burned at the stake 8 May 1679.
Marie Bouffet,
abortionist, associate of Marguerite Joly; hanged in December 1681.
Pierre Cadelan (d.
September 1684), associate of Vanens; perpetual imprisonment by lettre de
cachet.
Jeanne Chanfrain,
lover of Guibourg.
Magdelaine
Chapelain (1658- June 1724), fortune teller and associate of Filastre;
perpetual imprisonment by lettre de cachet at Belle-Île-en-Mer; the last
condemned to die (of those whose date of death is known).
Anne Cheron, fruit
seller and provider of objects for magic rituals; executed in June 1679.
Jacques Cotton,
officiate at the black masses, associate of La Voisin; executed by burning in
1680.
P. Dalmas,
associate of La Chaboissiere; sent to a workhouse.
Giles Davot,
officiate at the black masses, associate of La Voisin; executed in 1681.
Etienne Debray,
associate of Deschault; executed in September 1681.
Marguerite
Delaporte, poisoner, associate of La Voisin; perpetual imprisonment by lettre
de cachet at Belle-Île-en-Mer.
Jacques Deschault,
shepherd and magician; executed in 1681.
Louison Desloges,
associate of Marguerite Joly; hanged in December 1681.
La Dodée,
poisoner, committed suicide in prison.
Louise Duscoulcye,
lover of Dalmas, poisoner
Françoise
Filastre, poisoner; executed in 1680.
Louis Galet,
poisoner; perpetual imprisonment by lettre de cachet at Château de Besançon.
Mme Guesdon (1640
– August 1717), poisoner; perpetual imprisonment by lettre de cachet.
Étienne Guibourg,
officiate at the black masses, associate of La Voisin; perpetual imprisonment
by lettre de cachet at Château de Besançon.
Marguerite Joly,
fortune teller and poisoner; executed by burning in December 1681.
Latour, stonemason
and associate of la Voisin; perpetual imprisonment by lettre de cachet at
Château de Salces.
Catherine Lepère,
abortionist; executed in June 1679.
Adam Lesage,
magician and officiate at black masses, associate of La Voisin; perpetual
imprisonment by lettre de cachet at Château de Besançon.
Catherine Leroy,
associate of La Voisin and la Chaboissiere; perpetual imprisonment by lettre de
cachet at Belle-Île-en-Mer.
Jeanne Leroux,
associate of la Voisin; executed in April 1680.
Margot, servant of
la Voisin; perpetual imprisonment by lettre de cachet at St Andre de Salins.
François Mariotte,
abbe, associate of la Voisin and Lesage; died in prison in 1682.
Anne Meline,
posioner, associate of Marguerite Joly; hanged in December 1681.
François Boucher,
Vitomte de Montmayor, astrologer of Luxembourg; perpetual imprisonment by
lettre de cachet at Château de Salces.
Marguerite
Monvoisin, daughter of La Voisin; perpetual imprisonment by lettre de cachet at
Belle-Île-en-Mer.
Christophe Moreau,
shepherd, magician and poisoner; executed in September 1681.
Romani, poisoner,
associate of La Voisin; perpetual imprisonment by lettre de cachet at Château
de Besançon.
La Pelletière,
fortune teller, provider of children for Black Masses, associate of La Voisin;
perpetual imprisonment by lettre de cachet at Belle-Île-en-Mer.
Maitre Pierre,
poisoner; perpetual imprisonment by lettre de cachet.
Anne Poligny,
poisoner; executed in July 1681.
La Poignard,
participated in arranging Black Masses; perpetual imprisonment by lettre de
cachet.
La Poulain,
associate of La Voisin; perpetual imprisonment by lettre de cachet at
Belle-Île-en-Mer.
Catherine Trianon,
posioner, associate of La Voisin; committed suicide in prison in early 1681.
La Salomond,
poisoner; perpetual imprisonment by lettre de cachet.
Denise Sandosme,
poisoner; executed by hanging in July 1681.
Louis de Vanens
(d. December 1691), alchemist; perpetual imprisonment by lettre de cachet at St
Andre de Salins.
Vautier, poisoner
and associate of la Voisin; perpetual imprisonment by lettre de cachet.
Marie Vigoreaux,
associate of La Bosse; died under torture in May 1679.
La Voisin, fortune
teller and poisoner; burned at the stake 22 February 1680
Clients
This lists people involved in the Poison Affair by being
clients of the professionals above. Their punishment is mentioned after their
name and role.
Benigne, Marquise
de Alluye, client of la Voisin; left country to avoid trial and was later
allowed to return.
Pierre Bonnard,
secretary of duc de Luxembourg, client of Lesage; condemned to the galleys in
May 1680.
Marie Brissart,
client of La Voisin and Lesage; fined and exiled.
Marie de Broglio,
Marquise de Canilhac, client of la Voisin; never bought to trial.
Anne Carada,
client of Deschault and Debray; executed 25 June 1681.
La Chaboissiere,
Jean Bartholominat, valet of Louis de Vanens; the last executed in the Affair
of the Poisons 16 July 1682.
Louis de Guilhem
de Castelnau, marguis de Cessac, client of Lesage; left country to avoid trial.
Returned in 1691.
Mme Cottard,
client of Lesage; admonished and fined.
Mme Desmaretz,
client of Lesage; fined.
Françoise de
Dreux, client of La Voisin; exiled from the capital, but the exile was never
enforced.
Madeleine de la
Ferte, Marechale (d. 1720), client of la Voisin; discharged.
Antoine de Pas,
Marquis de Feuquieres (d. 1711), client of la Voisin; never brought to trial.
Madame Ferry,
client of La Voisin; executed in May 1679.
Marguerite
Leféron, client of La Voisin; exiled from the capital and fined.
Mme Lescalopier,
client of Poligny and Sandosme; left country to avoid trial.
Jean Maillard,
client of Moreau; executed in February 1682.
Olympe Mancini,
Comtesse de Soissons, client of La Voisin; exiled.
Marie Anne
Mancini, Duchesse de Bouillon, client of La Voisin; banishment to the
provinces.
François Henri de
Montmorency-Bouteville, duc de Luxembourg, client of La Voisin; freed.
Marquise de Montespan, client of La Voisin;
never trialed.
Madame Philbert,
earlier Brunet (wife of Philippe Rebille Philbert), client of La Voisin;
executed by hanging.
Jaqqueline du
Roure, vicomtesse de Polignac (d. 1720), client of la Voisin and Lesage; left
country to avoid trial. Returned 1686 but banished from the capital.
Marguerite de
Poulaillon, client of Marie Bosse; imprisoned in a convent.
Claude Marie du
Roure, client of la Voisin and Lesage; discharged in March 1680, but despite of
this banished from the capital.
Marie Louise
Charlotte, Princesse de Tingry, client of Voisin; discharged.
Marie Vertemart,
client of la Voisin; sentenced to a workhouse.
Antoinette, Duchess
de Vivonne, client of La Voisin and Filastre; never brought to trial.
As always, stay safe !
Bird
***
