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Thursday, August 11, 2022

Chinese: 犯罪現場留下的唾液的捐贈者特徵:吸煙者還是非吸煙者?


在法醫調查期間發現體液可以為犯罪提供無數線索。在某些調查中,特別是在性侵犯和其他暴力犯罪的調查中,唾液經常被反擊。複雜矩陣中包含的大量化學信息可以提供線索,說明誰可能留下了這種物質。這方面的一個例子是捐贈者是否吸煙。

近年來,奧爾巴尼大學的一組研究人員利用他們快速的現場體液分析工具多次發布新聞。使用拉曼光譜,該小組已成功開發出識別體液、估計體液年齡和確定供體特徵(如種族和性別)的方法。在 Igor Lednev 及其同事發表在《生物光子學雜誌》上的最新論文中,拉曼光譜已被證明可以區分吸煙者和非吸煙者。

該團隊與科威特大學的研究人員合作,將拉曼光譜應用於吸煙者和非吸煙者的干唾液,旨在利用樣本中的化學差異來確定捐贈者是否吸煙。拉曼光譜是一種非破壞性技術,可以對樣品進行快速的現場分析,產生由光與分子結構相互作用產生的帶組成的獨特化學指紋。

有人可能會假設該測試將針對尼古丁,這是煙草中的一種主要化學成分。然而,尼古丁在體內的壽命相對較短,因此不是分析測試的合適目標。相反,研究人員專注於可替寧,這是一種尼古丁的主要代謝產物,具有明顯更長的半衰期。通過拉曼光譜分析了來自 32 名捐贈者的唾液樣本,並研究了產生的化學特徵的差異。研究人員很快遇到了一個問題。指示可替寧的拉曼條帶與唾液產生的典型拉曼條帶重疊,使得唾液中可替寧的檢測具有挑戰性。該團隊使用機器學習來解決這個問題。

首先,他們確定了八個光譜區域,這些區域對吸煙者和非吸煙者的唾液變化貢獻最大。使用人工神經網絡,構建了一個分類模型,用於預測捐贈者的吸煙習慣。通過輸入已知樣本的化學數據,網絡能夠從數據中學習以預測輸出(在這種情況下,唾液樣本的供體是否是吸煙者)。在基於實驗室的研究中,構建的模型達到了令人印象深刻的 100% 準確度。

儘管這項試點研究基於非常有限的樣本量,但該技術在確定乾燥體液中的供體特徵方面顯示出巨大的希望。

Al-Hetlani 等人。根據口腔液的拉曼光譜和法醫應用的高級統計數據區分吸煙者和非吸煙者。生物光子學雜誌,可以在這裡找到:https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/jbio.201960123 一如既往,保持安全!

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