Hmong: Qhov sib txawv ntawm ib tug hacker thiab ib tug cracker

Lub sij hawm hacker tsis tau yeej ib txwm tau tus tsis zoo title hais tias nws yog hnub no. Ib tug hacker Ameslikas piav ib tug neeg muaj lub siab xav kawm txog technology thiab xyaum ua tej yam thiab uas yog technically txawj nrog txawm tshuab lawv hacked.

Lo lus predates tus kheej computers; ib co ntawm cov thawj hackers yog mej zeej ntawm lub Massachusetts koom haum ntawm Technology (MIT) Tech Model Railroading Club (TMRC) nyob rau hauv lub lig 1950s. Cov menyuam kawm ntawv ntawm MIT txwm siv lo lus hack rau piav qhia txog elaborate pranks tias lawv ua si. Yog li ib tug hack tuaj los txhais ib yam dab tsi tiag tiag thawj, elegant, thiab ingenious. (Mus saib cov ib tug gallery ntawm ib co ntawm cov feem ntau ingenious hacks ntawm MIT mus ntsib http://hacks.mit.edu.) Los yog, pom ib tug xav paub ntxiv ntawm cov me nyuam yug ntawm hackers thiab nyiag nkas nyob rau hauv phau ntawv: "Hackers, Heroes ntawm lub Khoos phib tawj kiv puag ncig, "los ntawm Steven Levy (Penguin teb chaws USA, 2001).

Muaj ib zaug yog ib lub sij hawm, XKH4% hc14D thaum yog hu ua ib tug hacker yog ib tug sincere tseem qhuas ntawm koj kev peev xwm thiab kev daws teebmeem kev txawj ntse. Hnub no, lom zem ntau vim qhov nrov tshaj tawm, thaum cov neeg tau hnov ​​hacker, lawv wrongly xav hais tias criminal. Lub tech zej zog tam sim no distinguishes ntawm hackers, uas qhia hais tias kev ruaj ntseg flaws nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav txhim kho computer systems, thiab crackers, uas sim los ntxias cov neeg flaws rau lawv tus kheej kom zoo dua. Lub sij hawm cracker yog siv los xa mus rau lub computer criminals los yog cov neeg unethically exploiting systems.

Hackers - Cov dawb kaus mom
Cia li zoo li nyob rau hauv Western movies, qhov zoo hais mav hnav dawb ntoo kaus mom. Dawb kaus mom yog ib lub sij hawm feem ntau siv los mus piav qhia txog raug cai hackers uas nyob tsis pub dhau nkaus li txoj cai. Lawv yeej tsis nkag ib tug system los yog network illegally, thiab lawv ua hauj lwm txhawm rau las qhov nyob rau hauv nruab nrog lub hom phiaj ntawm kev kho flaws thiab kev txhim kho kev ruaj ntseg. Thaum nrhiav tau ib tug khuam, ib tug dawb lub kaus mom yuav feem ntau yog qhia rau cov software vendor thiab muab lub tuam txhab ib lub caij nyoog rau thaj lub qhov khuam ua ntej ua kab pej xeem kev txawj ntse.

Dawb kaus mom tej zaum yuav kev ruaj ntseg cov tub txawg, ntiav los ntawm tuam txhab uas muag rau tshawb network kev ruaj ntseg los yog kev kuaj software. Siv tib lub software cuab yeej uas crackers siv, ib tug dawb kaus mom thov los txhim kho kev ruaj ntseg ntawm nws tus kheej network los ntawm proactively zuj nws raws li ib tug cracker yuav. Dawb kaus mom tej zaum yuav txawm tsim software aimed ntawm thwarting cuab yeej muaj rau crackers. Thiab yuav siv cov cuab yeej xws li cov Fake AP los thwart wireless sniffers uas crackers yuav siv mus nrhiav tau wireless tes hauj lwm.

Paub li cas ib tug cracker ua hauj lwm ua tom ib tug dawb kaus mom coj cov kauj ruam mus ua ib network tiv thaiv yuav txoj kev nres. Txawm tias ib co ex-crackers ua hauj lwm raws li kev ruaj ntseg pab tswv yim, tsuas paub yuav ua li cas kom keej ib tug system tsis txhais mus rau hauv muaj peev xwm mus ua nws. Dawb kaus mom tsis tau lawv cov kev txawj illegally. By qhia suab txiav txim lawv ua ib tug ntau zoo xaiv rau cov tuam txhab nrhiav mus ntiav ib tug kws pab tswv yim kev ruaj ntseg.

Crackers - Cov dub kaus mom
Hackers xa mus rau lub computer ntiaj teb outlaws li dub kaus mom. Tus txheem ntawm tus dawb lub kaus mom, ib tug dub kaus mom los yog cracker so rau hauv lub nruab illegality rau tus kheej nce, kev tsoo vaj tse, los yog bragging txoj cai. Ib tug cracker tsis yuav tsum tau tshwj xeeb yog cob los yog keej; nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, feem ntau ntawm lawv muaj ib tug nruab nrab IQ. Ob peb crackers txawj txaus los tsim lawv tus kheej software cuab yeej, yog li feem ntau cia siab rau cia cov kev pab cuam uas lawv tau los ntawm kev ua txhaum cai web sites.

Vim hais tias crackers paub tias lawv yog txhaum txoj cai, lawv ua txhua yam lawv ua tau los npog lawv lem. Qhov zoo ces, kev ruaj ntseg cov tub txawg ntes ob peb tug heev lawv vim hais tias feem ntau ntawm cov crackers tsis muaj tiag tiag tawm kev. Thaum cov tub ceev xwm ua caum lawv, lawv kev txawj nrog ib tug computer yog feem ntau heev exaggerated los txhawb lub koom haum ua lub ntes (thiab muag ntawv xov xwm thiab feem ntau lwm yam commercials). Tab sis, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau lees paub hais tias crackers muaj ib tug loj kev hem thawj: Muaj ntau cov technically txawj thiab muaj peev xwm ua rau ib tug ntau ntawm kev puas tsuaj, thiab muaj ntau yam systems yog li ntawd, woefully insecure tias txawm technically inept crackers yuav npoo ntawm lawv.

Cov feem ntau txaus ntshai crackers:
Txawm hais tias feem ntau ntawm cov crackers no kuj muaj kev txawj, tsis yog txhua txhua yog inept. Ib txhia crackers muaj nws kim heev kev cob qhia thiab tshaj kev txawj ntse. Feem ntau cov crackers ua hauj lwm raws li programmers los yog NWS pab tswv yim thiab kawm tau cov ins thiab outs ntawm tes hauj lwm los ntawm txoj kev saib xyuas lawv. Lawv muaj nyob rau hauv-tob paub txog network programming thiab muaj peev xwm tsim cov cuab yeej rau siv cov weaknesses lawv nrhiav tau. Qhov no programming kev txawj yog dab tsi cais lawv los ntawm tsawg-txawj computer criminals. Nws kuj ua rau lawv ntau txaus ntshai thiab deb nyuaj mus ntes.

Feem ntau cov neeg tsim cov cuab yeej uas kom tsawg-txawj criminals rau subvert kev ruaj ntseg thiab kev siv weaknesses nyob rau hauv computer systems. Thaum txawj crackers yog nyob rau hauv cov haiv neeg tsawg, lawv yuav tsis tau ignored. Los ntawm kev tsim cuab yeej thiab siab phem software (trojans, kab mob, thiab, cua nab) lawv ua raws li ib tug quab yuam-d thiab tsim ib tug ntau dua teeb meem dua lawv cov xov tooj tej zaum yuav qhia. Thaum npaj rau computer kev ruaj ntseg nws yog paub qab hau coj qhov ntau txaus ntshai crackers mus rau hauv tus account thiab txoj kev npaj rau ib tug worst-case scenario.

Tsab ntawv kiddies, pob liab, thiab s'kiddiots
Feem ntau hom cracker mus los ntawm ntau lub npe: tsab ntawv kiddies, pob liab, s'kiddiots, lamers, warez d00dz (dudes), thiab wannabes. Lawv tsis muaj ib yam tiag tiag kev muaj peev xwm thiab, rau qhov cov, tsis tau txawm kev pab cuam. Los thwart cov kev ruaj ntseg ntawm systems, lawv cia siab rau software cuab yeej uas tsim los ntawm lwm tus neeg. Lawv feem ntau siv cov cuab yeej uas tsis muaj tiag tiag to taub txog dab tsi lub sij kev pab cuam li cas. Ib tug ntau yam taw tes uas rau tsab ntawv kiddies yog web page defacement. Lawv zom rau hauv ib tug insecure Web neeg rau zaub mov thiab hloov lub tsev nplooj ntawv ntawm ib qhov chaw uas muaj ib daim ntawv rau ntawm lawv tus kheej tsim. Vim lawv ineptitude thiab nyob tsis tus, lawv yog cov ua tau deb dua ntawm ib tug kev hem thawj dua rau hauv xov xwm (thiab tsoom fwv) neeg pab leg ntaubntawv. Txawm li cas los, vim hais tias tsab ntawv kiddies ua tau zoo kawg muaj nuj nqis, lawv yog feem ntau muaj leej twg paub los ntawm cov xovxwm li hacker-geniuses.

Ib tug tsis ntev los no cov piv txwv ntawm ib tsab ntawv Kiddy yog cov ntaub ntawv ntawm 18-xyoo-laus high school tus menyuam kawm ntawv Jeffrey Lee Parson. Tub ceev xwm puas tau raug ntes Parson nyob rau hauv lub yim hli ntuj 2003 rau tsim ib tug variant ntawm lub 'blaster cab,' dubbed ua lub Blaster.B. Parson, uas mus los ntawm qhov kov t33kid (teekid), tsim lub variant los ntawm editing code ntawm tus thawj Blaster cab tsis muaj kev nkag siab txog dab tsi uas code puas tau. Luckily, vim nws ineptitude, nws version ntawm lub cab yog tsawg virulent tshaj tus thawj Blaster thiab puas tau me ntsis kev puas tsuaj nyob rau hauv kev sib piv. Nws yog amazing hais tias nws coj cov FBI li ntev raws li nws tau mus caum nws (ob lub lis piam). Parson hloov lub cab mus txuas rau nws tus kheej Web site, qhov uas nws tab muab lwm yam siab phem software rau download. Mus txog qhovtwg Parson los ntawm sau npe cov ntaub ntawv rau nws Web site yog yooj yim. Laughingly, cov xovxwm thiab prosecutors dubbed nws ib tug computer ntse heev, ntxiv illustrating qhov teeb meem ntawm sensationalism nyob rau hauv computer txhaum qhia. (Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, nws niam txawm tawm ntawm nws txoj kev uas yuav qhia rau cov xovxwm nws. "Yog tsis ci ntsa iab, nws tsis yog ib tug ntse heev.") Koj muaj peev xwm tsis tiv thaiv tiv thaiv ib tug kev hem thawj hais tias koj tsis to taub, thiab kev qhia novice crackers li dire hem rau lub teb chaws ruaj ntseg tsis ntxiv qhov ua rau ntawm kev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv computer kev ruaj ntseg.

Insider pom
Dhau li ntawm tus zoo sib txawv ntawm ob, qhov loj tshaj uas cais hackers los ntawm feem coob ntawm cov crackers yog ib qho kev nkag siab ntawm lub computer systems thiab muaj peev xwm mus tsim tau software. Ib tug tiag tiag hacker yuav sau cai nyob rau hauv ib los yog ntau hom lus (C, C ++, los ua ke, hexadecimal, Java) thiab to taub dab tsi uas code puas thiab yog vim li cas nws ua hauj lwm (los yog tsis). Feem ntau ntawm crackers muaj heev me ntsis programming muaj peev xwm, los yog tsis muaj tag nrho, thiab feem ntau tsis to taub yuav ua li cas cuab yeej uas lawv siv ua hauj lwm. Yog hais tias ib tug tshuab tau hacked los ntawm ib tsab ntawv Kiddy, nws feem ntau yog vim hais tias cov neeg khiav dej num tsis muaj lub tshuab thiab thov thaj ua rau thaj rau paub tias lub vulnerabilities. Muaj ntau crackers siv Aliases online thiab dai tawm nyob rau hauv Internet Relay tham (IRC). Crackers nyiam mus khav txog lawv exploits, qhia software, thiab npaj rau IRC thiab Usenet newsgroups. Feem ntau ib tug alias yuav muab rau koj ib tug zoo tswv yim hais txog leej twg koj nyob nraum soj ntsuam nrog. Yog hais tias lub cai yog L0rd tuag, Terminator, los yog tham isthawmnev hais Vajtswv, ces koj nyob nraum tej zaum tsis soj ntsuam nrog ib tug ruaj ntseg, paub tab tug neeg laus. Tsab ntawv kiddies muaj lawv tus kheej cov lus. Hu 1331 (leet, luv luv rau cov neeg tseem ceeb), nws muaj tsis muaj dab tsi ua tiag hackers los yog txoj kev uas lawv sau thiab hais lus. 133t hloov zuj zuj nyias los ntawm kev sau ntawv nyob rau hauv tsim nyog hacker Dom, uas feem ntau yog tau los ntawm txoj kev cov neeg siv yuav tsum sau nyob rau hauv cov laus UNIX ntawv nyeem editors, los yog los ntawm system commands. 133t hloov zuj zuj nyob rau hauv lub qub bbs systems thiab tom qab ntawd IRC thiab Usenet.

Lub gray kaus mom:
Tsis muaj dab tsi yog puas tau raws li cov dub thiab dawb li peb xav tias nws yuav tsum, yam tsawg kawg ntawm tag nrho cov tib neeg coj cwj pwm. Ib tug grey lub kaus mom yog ib lub npe muab rau ib tug tsis raug cai hacker uas mus taug kev ib tug zoo kab ntawm kev cai lij choj thiab txhaum cai hacking. Zoo li dawb kaus mom, grey kaus mom nrhiav kev ruaj ntseg qhov thiab qhia rau lawv; tab sis tsis zoo li dawb kaus mom, lawv feem ntau tawm lub qhov khuam ua ntej yuav muab lub software developers ib lub caij nyoog los txhim kho cov qhov teeb meem. Gray kaus mom tuav hais tias lawv yog kev txhim kho kev ruaj ntseg los ntawm yuam tuam txhab uas muag yuav txhim kho tau software.

Gray kaus mom tej zaum yuav kuj nkag computer systems tsis tau tso cai, nrog lub hom phiaj mus nrhiav thiab qhia flaws. Thaum nws yog ib qho zoo kom muaj ib tug grey lub kaus mom nrhiav qhov nyob rau hauv koj lub network es ib tug dub kaus mom, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum uas koj nyob nraum nyob rau hauv nres, tab sis, koj yuav tsis muaj txoj kev ntawm qhov txawv ntawm ob tug. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv ib qho kev sim thwart network kev ruaj ntseg, ib tug grey lub kaus mom uas txhais tau tias zoo tej zaum yuav mej ua kev puas tsuaj. Txawj gray kaus mom tej zaum yuav tsim software uas exploits paub flaws nyob rau hauv tshuab, intending rau network thawj xibfwb thiab kev ruaj ntseg cov tub txawg siv qhov kev pab cuam rau network kev ruaj ntseg soj ntsuam. Tu siab, txawm tias qhov no software yuav ua tau heev constructive, lwm yam crackers yuav siv nws tsawg noble lub hom phiaj.

Lub samurai hacker los yog ronin
Qhov no yog hais txog ib qho kev ywj dawb lub kaus mom (los yog txho lub kaus mom) kev ruaj ntseg kws pab tswv yim ntiav los tshawb thiab pab txoj kev ruaj ntseg. Feem ntau cov samurai hackers thov yuav loyal rau lawv ua hauj lwm thiab mus koom xwb nyob rau hauv kev cracking. Lub npe samurai hacker derives los ntawm lub tsiv loyalty thiab siab ethics txuam nrog Nyiv lub samurai tub rog.

Phreaks [Npaj rau yav tom ntej tsab xov xwm]:
Ib tug phreak yog ib tug hacker uas specializes nyob rau hauv xov tooj nruab. Hnub no, txawm li cas los, phreaking yog ntau tshaj ntawm ib tug cracker ua si. Nyob rau ntawm ib lub sij hawm, phreaks twb zoo siab txog xov tooj tes hauj lwm thiab tsuas xav to taub yuav ua li cas lawv ua hauj lwm thiab lawv tshawb. Koom phreaks tsis nyiag kev pab los yog ua kev puas tsuaj; lawv cia li siv lawv txoj kev txawj ua si nrog cov system. Xov tooj tshuab tau hloov thiab tsis raug mus hauj hacks. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, niaj hnub phreaks hom phiaj rau ntes cov telecommunications systems feem ntau cia siab rau ua txhaum cai xws li nyiag xov tooj phaib thiab cloning cell xov tooj.

Hacktivists [Npaj rau yav tom ntej tsab xov xwm]
Lub hacktivist yog ib tug grey lub kaus mom los yog cracker uas defaces Web pages coj cov xim rau ib tug nom tswv txheej txheem los yog kev sib raug zoo ua. Tuam txhab uas muag, cov koom haum, thiab tsoom fwv uas koom nyob rau hauv muaj teeb meem coj los hais tias muaj unpopular cai yuav lub hom phaj ntawm hacktivists. Yuav ua li cas koom cov cwj pwm no yog nyob ntawm seb puas los yog tsis koj txhawb lub hactivist tus txheej txheem los yog ntseeg hais tias nyob rau hauv nws los yog nws ua.

Ua ib tug hacktivist tsis yog ib qho hais txog ntawm kev prowess. Feem ntau Web sites yog hosted rau servers nrog paub kev ruaj ntseg qhov thiab yuav defaced nrog automated cov cuab yeej. Nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United Kingdom, ib tug hacktivist nrog lub alias Herbless mus rau ib tug hacktivism spree nyob rau hauv 2000, hacking lub HSBC bank thiab tsoom fwv Web sites mus protest roj nqi thiab tsoom fwv lub stance rau kev haus luam yeeb. Nws defacement ntawm lub Web pages muaj ib tug activist daim ntawv qhia, raws li zoo raws li cov lus qhia rau lwm cov hacktivists.

Nyob rau ib qhov chaw, nws sab laug lub lus nram qab no rau tus kws tswj txoj:
Nco ntsoov mus rau lub thawj tswj:
Koj yuav tsum tau tiag tiag tswj muaj zog passwords.
Kuv tawg 75% ntawm koj cov NT nyiaj nyob rau hauv 16 vib nas this nyob rau hauv kuv SMP Linux box.
Thov nco ntsoov qhov tshaj plaws xwb hloov nyob rau hauv no neeg rau zaub mov yog koj Performance index page, uas tau raug phwj.
Tsis muaj dab tsi lwm tus tau raug kho.

Sib tham isthawmnev hais tsov kev rog [Tswv Yim Npaj Kho yav tom ntej tsab xov xwm] yog ntawm hacktivists rau ob tog ntawm ib tug nom tswv sib cav tswv yim yog ua ntau heev. Israeli hacktivists rhuav As qhov chaw, tshwj xeeb yog Palestinian, thiab As hacktivists rov qab hluav taws kub. Indian thiab Pakistani hacktivists routinely hack Web pages los ntawm lwm tus txoj kev lub teb chaws. Thaum hacktivism thiab Web page defacement yuav zoo li txawm thaum piv rau lwm yam kev sib tham isthawmnev txhaum, xws li hauv internet credit card dag, puas ua rau lub koob npe nrov ntawm ib lub tuam txhab los yog lub koom haum yuav ua tau txiav txim siab.

Raws li ib txwm, nyob zoo!

noog

***