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Friday, August 28, 2015

Chinese: 我如何分辨蘑菇是否安全食用?

如果你花時間在戶外,你可能已經看到蘑菇在樹下,或在你的院子裡增長,但如果你在外面野營或者只是享受覓食,這裡有一些方法來告訴如果你正在尋找的蘑菇是可以食用的。

慎重
首先,應該說,如果你不是絕對的,清楚的,100%確保您看到的是可以安全食用的蘑菇,那就不要吃了。有些蘑菇可患病或殺死你,如果吃了。即使你認為這是可能是安全的,沒有任何理由把你的健康處於危險之中,如果你沒有絕對的把握。為了這一點,這不是一個權威的或明確的指導雨後春筍般蓬勃發展。我希望得到你開始或興趣,但危險的基礎上一篇文章沒有做任何事情。

應該避免的事情
吃生。大多數野生蘑菇難以消化原料時。如果您發現您信任的野生蘑菇,一定要煮熟他們,無論是紅燒或油炸,最好。在一些蘑菇在其他方面輕度毒性,熱量會分解毒素。然而,這並不是普遍適用,因此仍然非常謹慎。

腐爛的或舊的蘑菇。這似乎是一個矛盾,但如果你採蘑菇,你只需要整,結實,鮮香菇用粗莖和昆蟲或其他動物身體無損傷。如果您認為蘑菇可能已經取出它咬了一口,息事寧人。

遮陽傘。即使是業餘的蘑菇獵人要記住的第一件事就是避免遮陽傘狀的蘑菇,蘑菇或看起來像敞開的傘與周圍的莖和白色,乳白色鰓白環。這些蘑菇,尤其是顏色鮮豔的,有斑遮陽傘,可能是Amanitas,蘑菇全部性質最致命的毒藥之一。

即使在最好的情況下,很可能你已經找到了陽傘是綠色孢子環柄菇,這是常見於北美。幾乎每個孩子在草地已經踢了一個或兩個以上在自家的院子裡增長。這些蘑菇有獲得棕色,因為他們長大奶油色的帽子。避免這些孩子的。

假羊肚菌。
另一種類型的蘑菇,以避免被所謂的“假羊肚菌”。如果您看到滿臉皺紋,不規則的帽子,看起來像腦珊瑚或鞍,與底邊,掛自由基地周圍蘑菇,避免它。

其他。
這份名單是很難面面俱到,但在在保護的[http://mdc.mo.gov/discover-nature/outdoor-recreation/how/mushrooms/poisonous-mushrooms]指南,毒蘑菇的密蘇里部,他們列出了幾個更多的,像香傑克O“元宵和包羅萬象的”小布朗蘑菇“這是很難區分。他們指出,有經驗的蘑菇獵人將能夠告訴從危險的非有毒假羊肚菌,而他們中的一些,如果你有過敏他們只有毒的,但很多都是最好完全避免,如果你出門在外野營想試試你的手在覓食。

事情PICK-UP:
馬勃:圓形,蓬鬆,經常大,馬勃是典型的安全食用的森林蘑菇。他們可以從任何地方英寸到12英寸的直徑,和生長在夏末和秋季土壤或腐爛的木頭。他們是特別好炒或油炸,但你應該切片他們開放的先檢查它們,只是為了確保他們不是年輕的遮陽傘。

牡蠣和Chantrelles:花哨的菜經常發現,平菇和Chenterelles是相當容易識別在曠野,或成長自己。牡蠣總是白色或象牙色,手感柔軟,並且通常是在群生長在木材,通常在溫暖的月份發現。

在另一方面雞油菌是喇叭狀的蘑菇波浪形帽和不規則的邊緣。小心檢查鰓底部:有的光滑,有的有皺紋的一路下跌幹,但沒有鋒利的,鋸齒狀鰓。如果你的雞油身高與鋸齒鰓,它可能是一個傑克O“燈籠,這是有毒的。如果你不知道,不要管它。

母雞伍茲:又名舞茸,這些蘑菇很容易辨認,因為他們隱約圓,看起來像一個憤怒的雞羽毛凌亂。它們具有相互重疊的棕色,扇形帽。這些蘑菇能增長非常大,可達100磅。分手柔嫩部位的治療,可以養活你的天。最重要的是,像馬勃,伍茲的母雞沒有相似者是有毒的,所以如果你看到一個,它是一個相對安全的賭注。

其他。這份名單並不詳盡要么,特別是取決於你住的地方。有很多人生長遍布北美和歐洲,易於識別和同樣美味。例如,毛茸茸的鬃毛或鬍子牙齒都是優秀的候選者也很少或根本沒有有毒的外觀相似。

一本書或指南。如果你有興趣覓食蘑菇,有一個偉大的書,隨身攜帶,包括雨後春筍般毫不畏懼,一個領域指南,以蘑菇,西蒙和舒斯特指南蘑菇,以及奧杜邦協會的現場指導。如果你對自己的領導了,一定要做大量的研究,去武裝以一本圖文並茂的書,以幫助您確定開始採摘和食用。
此外,考慮找人誰是熟悉您所在地區的野生蘑菇的種類和知道他們是這樣的:有沒有替代品有很好的指導或某人誰一直在覓食的區域。
警告的最後一個字

就像我提到的,有一些蘑菇,很容易告訴,因為他們是如此的與眾不同。即便如此,從來不吃你沒有驗明正身蘑菇。有沒有快速和簡單的測試來判斷一個蘑菇是可以安全食用的:沒有“做到這一點,你就會知道”之類的試金石可以執行。然而,隨著一些練習,你就能夠迅速地判斷哪些是來自那些需要更多的調查,並最終應避免完全顯然不錯。

相關鏈接:
保護的密蘇里部
http://mdc.mo.gov/discover-nature/outdoor-recreation/how/mushrooms/poisonous-mushrooms

大量其他
http://mdc.mo.gov/discover-nature/outdoor-recreation/how/mushrooms/edible-mushrooms

如雨後春筍般毫不畏懼,
http://www.amazon.com/Mushrooming-without-Fear-Beginners-Collecting/dp/1602391602/?ref=tag_dpp_lp_edpp_ttl_in&&tag=lifehackeramzn-20&ascsubtag=%5btype%7Clink%5bpostId%7C5818201%5basin%7C1602391602%5bauthorId%7C5716553178370339807

一個領域指南蘑菇,
http://www.amazon.com/Field-Guide-Mushrooms-America-Peterson/dp/0395910900/?ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1309888153&sr=1-1&&tag=lifehackeramzn-20&ascsubtag=%5btype%7Clink%5bpostId%7C5818201%5basin%7C0395910900%5bauthorId%7C5716553178370339807

西蒙和舒斯特指南蘑菇,
http://www.amazon.com/Simon-Schusters-Guide-Mushrooms-Nature/dp/0671428497/?ref=sip_rech_dp_7&&tag=lifehackeramzn-20&ascsubtag=%5btype%7Clink%5bpostId%7C5818201%5basin%7C0671428497%5bauthorId%7C5716553178370339807

奧杜邦協會[http://www.audubon.org/]

 - 鳥
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Romanization: Wǒ rúhé fēnbiàn mógū shìfǒu ānquán shíyòng?
Rúguǒ nǐ huā shíjiān zài hùwài, nǐ kěnéng yǐjīng kàn dào mógū zài shùxià, huò zài nǐ de yuànzi lǐ zēngzhǎng, dàn rúguǒ nǐ zàiwàimiàn yěyíng huòzhě zhǐshì xiǎngshòu mì shí, zhèlǐ yǒu yīxiē fāngfǎ lái gàosù rúguǒ nǐ zhèngzài xúnzhǎo de mógū shì kěyǐ shíyòng de.

Shènzhòng
shǒuxiān, yīnggāi shuō, rúguǒ nǐ bùshì juéduì de, qīngchǔ de,100%quèbǎo nín kàn dào de shì kěyǐ ānquán shíyòng de mógū, nà jiù bùyào chīle. Yǒuxiē mógū kě huàn bìng huò shā sǐ nǐ, rúguǒ chīle. Jíshǐ nǐ rènwéi zhè shì kěnéng shì ānquán de, méiyǒu rènhé lǐyóu bǎ nǐ de jiànkāng chǔyú wéixiǎn zhī zhōng, rúguǒ nǐ méiyǒu juéduì de bǎwò. Wèile zhè yīdiǎn, zhè bùshì yīgè quánwēi de huò míngquè de zhǐdǎo yǔhòuchūnsǔn bān péngbó fāzhǎn. Wǒ xīwàng dédào nǐ kāishǐ huò xìngqù, dàn wéixiǎn de jīchǔ shàng yī piān wénzhāng méiyǒu zuò rènhé shìqíng.

Yīnggāi bìmiǎn de shìqíng
chī shēng. Dà duōshù yěshēng mógū nányǐ xiāohuà yuánliào shí. Rúguǒ nín fāxiàn nín xìnrèn de yěshēng mógū, yīdìng yào zhǔ shú tāmen, wúlùn shì hóngshāo huò yóu zhá, zuì hǎo. Zài yīxiē mógū zài qítā fāngmiàn qīng dù dúxìng, rèliàng huì fēnjiě dúsù. Rán'ér, zhè bìng bùshì pǔbiàn shìyòng, yīncǐ réngrán fēicháng jǐnshèn.

Fǔlàn de huò jiù de mógū. Zhè sìhū shì yīgè máodùn, dàn rúguǒ nǐ cǎi mógū, nǐ zhǐ xūyào zhěng, jiēshi, xiān xiānggū yòng cū jīng hé kūnchóng huò qítā dòngwù shēntǐ wú sǔnshāng. Rúguǒ nín rènwéi mógū kěnéng yǐjīng qǔchū tā yǎole yīkǒu, xīshìníngrén.

Zhēyángsǎn. Jíshǐ shì yèyú de mógū lièrén yào jì zhù de dì yī jiàn shì jiùshì bìmiǎn zhēyáng sǎn zhuàng de mógū, mógū huò kàn qǐlái xiàng chǎngkāi de sǎn yǔ zhōuwéi de jīng hé báisè, rǔbáisè sāi bái huán. Zhèxiē mógū, yóuqí shì yánsè xiānyàn de, yǒu bān zhēyáng sǎn, kěnéng shì Amanitas, mógū quánbù xìngzhì zuì zhìmìng de dúyào zhī yī.

Jíshǐ zài zuì hǎo de qíngkuàng xià, hěn kěnéng nǐ yǐjīng zhǎodàole yáng sǎn shì lǜsè bāozǐ huán bǐng gū, zhè shì chángjiàn yú běiměi. Jīhū měi gè háizi zài cǎodì yǐjīng tīle yīgè huò liǎng gè yǐshàng zài zìjiā de yuànzi lǐ zēngzhǎng. Zhèxiē mógū yǒu huòdé zōngsè, yīnwèi tāmen zhǎngdà nǎiyóu sè de màozi. Bìmiǎn zhèxiē háizi de.

Jiǎ yáng dǔ jūn.
Lìng yīzhǒnglèixíng de mógū, yǐ bìmiǎn bèi suǒwèi de “jiǎ yáng dǔ jūn”. Rúguǒ nín kàn dào mǎn liǎn zhòuwén, bù guīzé de màozi, kàn qǐlái xiàng nǎo shānhú huò ān, yǔ dǐ biān, guà zìyóu jīdì zhōuwéi mógū, bìmiǎn tā.

Qítā.
Zhè fèn míngdān shì hěn nán miànmiànjùdào, dàn zài zài bǎohù de [http://Mdc.Mo.Gov/discover-nature/outdoor-recreation/how/mushrooms/poisonous-mushrooms] zhǐnán, dú mógū de mìsūlǐ bù, tāmen liè chūle jǐ gè gèng duō de, xiàng xiāng jiékè O“yuánxiāo hé bāoluówànxiàng de” xiǎo bùlǎng mógū “zhè shì hěn nán qūfēn. Tāmen zhǐchū, yǒu jīngyàn de mógū lièrén jiāng nénggòu gàosù cóng wéixiǎn de fēi yǒudú jiǎ yáng dǔ jūn, ér tāmen zhōng de yīxiē, rúguǒ nǐ yǒu guòmǐn tāmen zhǐyǒudú dí, dàn hěnduō dōu shì zuì hǎo wánquán bìmiǎn, rúguǒ nǐ chūmén zài wài yěyíng xiǎng shì shì nǐ de shǒu zài mì shí.

Shìqíng PICK-UP:
Mǎ bó: Yuán xíng, péngsōng, jīngcháng dà, mǎ bó shì diǎnxíng de ānquán shíyòng de sēnlín mógū. Tāmen kěyǐ cóng rènhé dìfāng yīngcùn dào 12 yīngcùn de zhíjìng, hé shēngzhǎng zài xià mò hé qiūjì tǔrǎng huò fǔlàn de mùtou. Tāmen shì tèbié hǎo chǎo huò yóu zhá, dàn nǐ yīnggāi qiēpiàn tāmen kāifàng de xiān jiǎnchá tāmen, zhǐshì wèile quèbǎo tāmen bùshì niánqīng de zhēyáng sǎn.

Mǔlì hé Chantrelles: Huāshào de cài jīngcháng fāxiàn, píng gū hé Chenterelles shì xiāngdāng róngyì shìbié zài kuàngyě, huò chéngzhǎng zìjǐ. Mǔlì zǒng shì báisè huò xiàngyá sè, shǒugǎn róuruǎn, bìngqiě tōngcháng shì zài qún shēngzhǎng zài mùcái, tōngcháng zài wēnnuǎn de yuèfèn fāxiàn.

Zài lìng yī fāngmiàn jī yóu jūn shì lǎbā zhuàng de mógū bōlàng xíng mào hé bù guīzé de biānyuán. Xiǎoxīn jiǎnchá sāi dǐbù: Yǒu de guānghuá, yǒu de yǒu zhòuwén de yīlù xiàdié gàn, dàn méiyǒu fēnglì de, jùchǐ zhuàng sāi. Rúguǒ nǐ de jī yóu shēngāo yǔ jùchǐ sāi, tā kěnéng shì yīgè jiékè O“dēnglóng, zhè shì yǒudú dí. Rúguǒ nǐ bù zhīdào, bùyào guǎn tā.

Mǔ jī wǔzī: Yòu míng wǔ rōng, zhèxiē mógū hěn róngyì biànrèn, yīnwèi tāmen yǐnyuē yuán, kàn qǐlái xiàng yīgè fènnù de jī yǔmáo língluàn. Tāmen jùyǒu xiānghù chóngdié de zōngsè, shànxíng mào. Zhèxiē mógū néng zēngzhǎng fēicháng dà, kě dá 100 bàng. Fēnshǒu róunèn bùwèi de zhìliáo, kěyǐ yǎnghuo nǐ de tiān. Zuì zhòngyào de shì, xiàng mǎ bó, wǔzī de mǔ jī méiyǒu xiāngsì zhě shì yǒudú dí, suǒyǐ rúguǒ nǐ kàn dào yīgè, tā shì yīgè xiāngduì ānquán de dǔzhù.

Qítā. Zhè fèn míngdān bìng bù xiángjìn yàome, tèbié shì qǔjué yú nǐ zhù dì dìfāng. Yǒu hěnduō rénshēng zhǎng biànbù běiměi hé ōuzhōu, yìyú shìbié hé tóngyàng měiwèi. Lìrú, máoróngrōng de zōng máo huò húzi yáchǐ dōu shì yōuxiù de hòuxuǎn zhě yě hěn shǎo huò gēnběn méiyǒu yǒu dú dí wàiguān xiāngsì.

Yī běnshū huò zhǐnán. Rúguǒ nǐ yǒu xìngqù mì shí mógū, yǒu yīgè wěidà de shū, suíshēn xiédài, bāokuò yǔhòuchūnsǔn bān háo bù wèijù, yīgè lǐngyù zhǐnán, yǐ mógū, xīméng hé shū sī tè zhǐnán mógū, yǐjí ào dùbāng xiéhuì de xiànchǎng zhǐdǎo. Rúguǒ nǐ duì zìjǐ de lǐngdǎole, yīdìng yào zuò dàliàng de yánjiū, qù wǔzhuāng yǐ yī běn túwénbìngmào de shū, yǐ bāngzhù nín quèdìng kāishǐ cǎizhāi hé shíyòng.
Cǐwài, kǎolǜ zhǎo rén shuí shì shúxī nín suǒzài dìqū de yěshēng mógū de zhǒng lèi hé zhīdào tāmen shì zhèyàng de: Yǒu méiyǒu tìdài pǐn yǒu hěn hǎo de zhǐdǎo huò mǒu rén shuí yīzhí zài mì shí de qūyù.
Jǐnggào de zuìhòu yīgè zì

jiù xiàng wǒ tí dào de, yǒu yīxiē mógū, hěn róngyì gàosù, yīnwèi tāmen shì rúcǐ de yǔ zhòng bùtóng. Jíbiàn rúcǐ, cónglái bu chī nǐ méiyǒu yàn míng zhèngshēn mógū. Yǒu méiyǒu kuàisù hé jiǎndān de cèshì lái pànduàn yīgè mógū shì kěyǐ ānquán shíyòng de: Méiyǒu “zuò dào zhè yīdiǎn, nǐ jiù huì zhīdào” zhī lèi de shìjīnshí kěyǐ zhíxíng. Rán'ér, suízhe yīxiē liànxí, nǐ jiù nénggòu xùnsù de pànduàn nǎxiē shì láizì nàxiē xūyào gèng duō de diàochá, bìng zuìzhōng yīng bìmiǎn wánquán xiǎnrán bùcuò.

Xiāngguān liànjiē:
Bǎohù de mìsūlǐ bù
http://Mdc.Mo.Gov/discover-nature/outdoor-recreation/how/mushrooms/poisonous-mushrooms

dàliàng qítā
http://Mdc.Mo.Gov/discover-nature/outdoor-recreation/how/mushrooms/edible-mushrooms

rú yǔhòuchūnsǔn bān háo bù wèijù,
http://Www.Amazon.Com/Mushrooming-without-Fear-Beginners-Collecting/dp/1602391602/?Ref=tag_dpp_lp_edpp_ttl_in&&tag=lifehackeramzn-20&ascsubtag=%5btype%7Clink%5bpostId%7C5818201%5basin%7C1602391602%5bauthorId%7C5716553178370339807

yīgè lǐngyù zhǐnán mógū,
http://Www.Amazon.Com/Field-Guide-Mushrooms-America-Peterson/dp/0395910900/?Ref=sr_1_1?S=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1309888153&sr=1-1&&tag=lifehackeramzn-20&ascsubtag=%5btype%7Clink%5bpostId%7C5818201%5basin%7C0395910900%5bauthorId%7C5716553178370339807

xīméng hé shū sī tè zhǐnán mógū,
http://Www.Amazon.Com/Simon-Schusters-Guide-Mushrooms-Nature/dp/0671428497/?Ref=sip_rech_dp_7&&tag=lifehackeramzn-20&ascsubtag=%5btype%7Clink%5bpostId%7C5818201%5basin%7C0671428497%5bauthorId%7C5716553178370339807

ào dùbāng xiéhuì [http://Www.Audubon.Org/]

 - niǎo
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