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Wednesday, August 18, 2021

Hmong: Qee cov lus tseeb txaus nyiam txog cov paj ntoos

 Pollen yog tus neeg sawv cev ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb rau kev muaj sia nyob ntawm ntau cov nroj tsuag. Nws yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev tsim cov noob, txiv hmab txiv ntoo, thiab ntau yam tsos mob.

Kev ntsuas hluav taws xob hauv tshuab hluav taws xob cov duab ntawm cov ntaub paj ntoos ntawm cov nroj tsuag uas ib txwm muaj. Txawm hais tias peb xav pollen yog xim daj, paj ntoos tuaj yeem nyob rau ntau xim - liab, liab, dawb, thiab xim av. Txij li cov kab kab sib xyaws xws li bees, tsis tuaj yeem pom liab, cov nroj tsuag tsim daj (lossis xiav) pollen kom nyiam lawv. Qhov no yog vim li cas feem ntau cov nroj tsuag muaj xim daj daj, tab sis muaj kev zam. Piv txwv li, cov noog thiab npauj npaim nyiam xim liab, yog li qee cov nroj tsuag tsim lub paj ntoos liab kom nyiam lawv.

Pollen yog ib qho kev ua tiav: Cov nplej me me uas nqa qee yam protein ntau feem ntau ua rau muaj kev fab tshuaj. Txawm hais tias tsis muaj teeb meem rau tib neeg, qee tus neeg muaj kev tiv thaiv hyiv-cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no. Kev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv lub cev hu ua B Cell ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau cov paj ntoos. Qhov no dhau - kev tsim tawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ua rau kev ua kom muaj lwm cov qe ntshav dawb xws li basophils thiab mast cells. Thiab cov cell no tau tsim cov ntshav hwv thiab ua rau cov tsos mob uas tsis haum thiab cov tsos mob ntswg thiab o nyob ib ncig ntawm lub qhov muag.

Txij li thaum cov nroj tsuag flowering tsim cov paj ntoos ntau, nws yuav zoo li cov nroj tsuag feem ntau yuav ua rau muaj kev fab tshuaj. Txawm li cas los xij, vim tias feem ntau cov nroj tsuag uas cov paj hloov paj ntoos ntawm kab thiab tsis yog los ntawm cua, cov nroj tsuag paj yog feem ntau yog ua rau muaj kev fab tshuaj. Nroj tsuag uas hloov paj ntoos los ntawm kev tso nws rau hauv huab cua, txawm li cas los xij, Elms, thiab cov nyom, feem ntau yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev ua xua kev ua xua.

Nroj tsuag feem ntau yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj kev lom zem rau kev khaws cov xim paj ntoos kom pom tau yooj yim dua hauv qhov tsaus ntuj los ntawm cov kab nothturnal zoo li npauj. Nroj tsuag uas qis dua rau hauv av nyiam yoov uas tsis tuaj yeem ya, xws li cov ntsaum lossis kab. Ntxiv nrog rau qhov pom, qee cov nroj tsuag kuj tseem rau cov kab 'kev hnov ​​ntxhiab tsw ntawm kev ua tus ntxhiab tsw phem los ntawm kev nyiam yoov. Tseem, lwm cov nroj tsuag muaj paj uas zoo li tus poj niam ntawm qee cov kab los ntxias cov txiv neej hom. Thaum tus txiv neej sim ua txij ua nkawm nrog tus poj niam "cuav," nws pollinates cov nroj tsuag.

Thaum peb xav txog cov pollinators, peb feem ntau xav tias yog muv. Tab sis, ntau cov kab xws li npauj npaim, ntsaum, thiab yoov thiab tsiaj txhu - hummingbirds thiab bats kuj hloov paj ntoos. Ob tug me me cog cov nroj tsuag pollinators yog tus Fig asp thiab lub panurgine muv. Tus poj niam Daim Duab IP, Blastophaga PSENES, tsuas yog hais txog 6/100 ntawm ib nti hauv qhov ntev. Ib qho ntawm cov pollinators loj tshaj plaws tshwm sim los ua cov dub thiab dawb ruffed Lemag los ntawm Madagascar. Nws siv nws lub snou ntev kom ncav cuag cov paj ntoo los ntawm cov paj thiab hloov pauv cov paj ntoos thaum nws mus cog ntoo.

Pollen yog cov txiv neej phev ua gametophyte ntawm ib tsob ntoo. Lub paj ntaub qoob loo muaj ob qho tib si tsis yog me nyuam hlwb, hu ua cov cell me me thiab kev ua me nyuam cell lossis corterative cell. Hauv cov paj ntoo, paj ntoos yog tsim nyob rau hauv anther ntawm lub paj stamen. Hauv cov ntsej muag, paj ntoos yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub khob paug pollen. Txhawm rau pollination kom tshwm sim, lub pollen grain yuav tsum germinate nyob rau hauv cov poj niam feem (carpel) ntawm tib tsob ntoo lossis lwm tsob ntoo ntawm tib hom. Hauv cov paj ntoo, cov stigma ntawm cov carpel sau cov paj ntoos. Cov zaub ntsuab hauv lub paj pollen ua ib lub raj paj dawb kom txo qis ntawm stigma, los ntawm cov style ntev ntawm cov carpel, rau lub zes qe menyuam. Division ntawm lub cell generative ua ob lub phev hlwb, uas taug kev hauv lub raj paj ntoos rau hauv lub ovule.

Cov lus no feem ntau yuav siv sijhawm ntev li ob hnub, tab sis qee cov phev cov phev tuaj yeem siv sijhawm ntau lub hlis kom txog lub zes qe menyuam. Hauv paj uas muaj ob qho tib si stamens (txiv neej ntu) thiab carpels (poj niam qhov), ob leeg tus kheej pollination thiab tus ntoo khaub lig yuav tshwm sim. Hauv tus kheej-pollination, phev hlwb fuse nrog lub ovule los ntawm tus poj niam ib feem ntawm tib cov nroj tsuag. Nyob rau hauv cross-pollination, paj ntoos yog pauv los ntawm tus txiv neej ib feem ntawm ib tsob nroj rau cov poj niam feem ntawm lwm tus neeg tsis muaj nroj tsuag. Qhov no pab hauv kev txhim kho cov tsiaj tshiab ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab nce qhov yoog tau yooj yim ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Qee cov nroj tsuag paj muaj cov molecular tus kheej tus kheej tus kheej tus kheej tus kheej tus kheej tus kheej txoj kev pab tiv thaiv kom txhob muaj paj ntoos ntawm tus kheej los ntawm cov khoom siv paj ntoos uas tsim los ntawm tib cov nroj tsuag. Thaum Pollen tau txheeb xyuas tias "tus kheej", nws yog thaiv los ntawm germination. Hauv qee cov nroj tsuag, ib leeg toxin hu ua S-rnase pollen raj yog tias pollen thiab pistil (cov poj niam deev ib nrab lossis kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv.

Pollen yog lub sij hawm botanical siv tau ntev li 1760 los ntawm Carols Linnaus, tus tsim ntawm lub rooj sib tham ntawm lub ntsej muag.

Lo lus paj ntoos hais tias "lub fertilizing keeb ntawm paj." Pollen tau los hu ua "nplua, powdery, daj cog qoob loo lossis cov noob ntoo."

Tam sim no koj tau hloov tshiab.

Raws li ib txwm muaj, nyob nyab xeeb!

tus noog

 

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